内容正文:
2021届巴蜀中学新高考英语
《经济学人》外刊讲义第02篇 [07]
(适合学有余力的学霸或英语爱好者、教师使用)
(含词汇讲解、长难句解析、翻译技巧、背景知识、写作积累:均由阿满编写)
原文(续第02篇 [06])
One prerequisite is to establish if the meeting is designed to persuade the staff to go along with a management decision or to learn about the workers’ ideas and problems. If the former, then allies of whoever is in the chair should speak first, and drive the agenda. But such meetings ought to be rare in a well-run firm.
一个必要的前提是确定开会的目的: 是要说服员工同意某个管理决策,还是要了解员工的想法和存在的问题。如果是前者,那么无论是谁主持会议,他的盟友都应该首先发言,并推动议程。但是这样的会议在一个运营良好的公司里应该很少见。
表达积累
· prerequisite
构词十分规整:prerequisite = pre- + requisite
前缀部分 pre- 表示“在前”或“先于” (before),该词缀在构词实践中十分活跃,可以与大量动词、名词、形容词、副词连用。其它缀合衍生词举例:pre-cook 预煮 * prefabricate 预先制造 * pre-medication 术前用药法 * pre-Christian 基督以前的 * prematurely 早熟地
词基部分 requisite 为英语单词,表示“必需的事物”。
浅谈同义辨析:need, necessity, requisite都含“必需”、“需要”的意思。
need 指“急需”, 如:
· A friend in need is a friend in need. 患难之交才是真正的朋友。
necessity 属正式用语, 指“必要”、“对不可缺少东西的需要”, 如:
· They are in need of food, food is a necessity for all living things. 他们需要食物, 食物对一切生物是必不可少的。
requisite 指“必需品”、“对某一特殊目的所不能缺少的东西”, 如:
· the requisites for a long march 长途行军所必需的东西
· then allies of whoever is in the chair should speak first, and drive the agenda.
in the chair句中表示“主持”会议 (chairing a debate or meeting)
drive句中不做“驾驶”理解,而是等同于promote
长难句解析
One prerequisite is to establish // if the meeting is designed / to persuade the staff / to go along with a management decision / or to learn about the workers’ ideas and problems.
· 提取主干:One prerequisite is to establish.
(主语 + 系动词 + 不定式作表语)
· 其他成分:
① if后面的部分都是动词不定式to establish的宾语从句。此处很容易误解成条件状语从句,但如果能找到后面对应的or,就能注意到这里的if和whether是一样的作用。
② 宾语从句中的完整成分是一个被动句,主语是the meeting。后面的to persuade和to learn是并列平行的成分,而to go along是persuade sb. to do sth.中的宾语补足语。原句中共有四个不定式成分,也是判别的难点。
--- 未完待续 ---
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