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语法专题九 倒装与省略
考试考点聚焦
考点一 倒装句型
1.全部倒装。即谓语动词在主语的前面。这类句型主要有以下几种形式:
(1)在there be句型中(其中be动词还可换成seem, live, stand, lie, appear, exist, come等动词)要全部倒装。
Long long ago, there lived a king who liked horses very much.
很久以前,有一位国王很喜欢马。
Since you have repaired my TV set, there is no need for me to buy a new one.
既然你已经修好了我的电视机,我没必要买一台新的。
(2)such在句中作表语或定语位于句首时,要倒装。
Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.
爆炸力如此之大,以致所有的窗户都震破了。
Such a moving film was it that they were all lost in thought after it was over.
电影如此感人以至于让他们看后陷入沉思。
(3)以there, here, now, then, thus等引起的句子中,谓语动词常为be, come, go等,要用全部倒装。
Here are some picturebooks.
这儿是些连环书画。
Then came a new difficulty.
接着来了新的问题。
若主语是代词则不用倒装。
Here they are.他们在这儿。
(4)以“down, up, out, away”等表示位置转移的副词位于句首时,要倒装。
Up went the arrow into the sky.
箭冲上了天空。
In came the teacher.
老师进来了。
但主语为代词时,则句子不能倒装。
Out he rushed.他冲了出去。
(5)地点状语位于句首,变成强调地点时,句子要倒装。
On the top of the hill stands a temple where the old man once lived.
那位老人曾经居住过的庙在山顶上。
In a lecture hall of a university in England sat a professor.
在英格兰的一所大学的学术讲座厅里坐着一位教授。
(6)形容词,分词作表语提到句首时,为了描述生动或平衡句子结构时,要倒装。
Standing beside the window was a boy aged about 6.
一个大约6岁的孩子站在窗户旁。
Seated in the first line are some advanced workers.
几名先进工人坐在第一排。
2.部分倒装。只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子,为部分倒装句。其类型主要有:
(1)only修饰状语位于句首时,谓语部分要倒装。
Only then did I realize the importance of mathematics.
仅在那时我才意识到数学的重要性。
Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有通过此方法,你才能解决这个问题。
Only being injured will some animals attack a human being.
只有受到伤害,一些动物才会袭击人。
特别提示:only修饰主语时,不能倒装。
Only he/Tom knows the secret.
只有他/汤姆知道这个秘密。
(2)so+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,用在肯定句中表示“也……”时,句子要倒装。
Pioneer men and women endured terrible hardship, and so did their children.
男女先驱者都忍受了巨大的痛苦,他们的孩子也如此。
I went there yesterday, so did she.
我昨天去了那儿,她也去了。
特别提示:若两个动词的形式不一样时,就得用so it is with...,或so it is the same with...。
—Jane is a good student and works hard.
——简是一个好学生,学习很努力。
—So it is with Tom.