专题07 非谓语动词-备战2021年高考英语语法精讲PPT

语法专题七　非谓语动词 考试考点聚焦 一、非谓语动词的形式和用法 形式 构成法(以do为例) 与谓语动词的时间关系 时态语态 主动 被动 先发生 同发生 后发生 例句 不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ I saw him go out. I hope to go to college. 完成式 to have done to have been done √ I am glad to have met you. 进行式 to be doing √ He pretended to be working hard. 完成进行式 to have been doing √ I am happy to have been living here. 现在分词 一般式 doing being done √ He sat there, reading a book. 完成式 having done having been done √ Having finished the work, he went home. 过去分词 一般式 done √ Given more time, we could do it much better. 动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ She enjoys singing. I remember meeting you somewhere before. 完成式 having done having been done √ She regretted having missed the film. 　　二、非谓语动词的用法 考点一　不定式和动名词作主语的区别 1．动名词作主语通常表示抽象的习惯性动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is forbidden here. 这里禁止抽烟。(习惯性) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. 你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) 2．如果表语是不定式，主语也应是不定式；如果表语是动名词，主语也应是动名词，即平行结构。 Seeing is believing.(正确 ) To see is to believe.(正确) Said is easier than done.(正确) 但不能表达为：Seeing is to believe.或To see is believing. 3．不定式、动名词作主语，可用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式或动名词后置。 It is no use talking with him. 跟他谈话是没有用的。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 完成这项工作只用了我五分钟的时间。 考点二　不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 1．不定式作表语 (1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither. 一次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。 (2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)。 To work means to earn a living. 工作就是为了生活。 (3)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future. 他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 What I want to do is (to) help you. 我想做的事情就是帮助你。 2．动名词作表语：表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people. 我们的工作是为人民服务。 His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是集邮。 特别提示：动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词作表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 My job is teaching.(动名词作表语) My daughter is studying in her room.(进行时态) 3．分词