2021届重庆市巴蜀中学新高考英语美国文化外刊[12]法治（含注解与翻译）

2021届巴蜀中学新高考英语 美国文化外刊[12] （含翻译与重点词汇短语注解） is the "rule of law"? 什么是“法治”？ · rule of law 法制 a situation in which everyone in a country is expected to obey the laws, including powerful people, military leaders etc  Answer: Everyone must follow the law; Leaders must obey the law; Government must obey the law; No one is above the law每个人都必须守法；无论是领导人还是政府部门都要守法；没有人能凌驾于法律之上 Explanation: More than 800 years ago, in a city in England, a group of men got together to create a new kind of government. At the time, England was ruled by a king, but the king did not follow the same laws as the rest of the people. So these men wrote a document called the Magna Carta, which said that the king must obey (or follow) the same laws as everyone else. This idea we now call "the rule of law."八百多年前，在英国某座城市，一群人聚集一起创建了一种新型政府。英国那时由君主统治，但君主与其余的人遵守的法律不相同。因此这些人撰写了名为《大宪章》的法律文件，里面规定君主与其他人一样必须遵守相同的法律。如今我们称这样的思想为“法治”。 · get together 聚在一起 · at the time 在那时 · the rest of the people 其他的人 · obey the law 遵守法律 Many years later, in 1787, the people who drafted (or planned in writing) the Constitution used the Magna Carta as part of its system of government for the new United States. These people believed in a government for the people and by the people (or a government created and run by American citizens), so the rule of law was put in place (or established) to protect against totalitarianism (or a type of government in which almost everything is controlled by the government) or against mob rule (control of the government by a large group of people, usually using violence to get power).多年以后，在1787年，起草宪法的人把《大宪章》作为新的美国政府体系的一部分。这些人认为政府应该由美国公民创建和领导，因此用“法治”来防止极权主义（或者说是一种几乎一切事情都由政府控制的政府)和暴民统治(政府由一大群人控制，他们通常使用暴力夺权）。 · many years later 很多年以后 · draft 起草，草拟（计划、信件、报告等） · Eva’s busy drafting her speech for the conference. 伊娃正忙着起草她在大会上的发言稿。 · Constitution 宪法 The right to speak freely is written into the Constitution of the United States. 言论自由的权利被写进了美国宪法中。 · be put in place 被建立 · totalitarianism /ˌtəutæli'tεəriənizəm/ 极权主义