2021届巴蜀中学新高考英语美国文化外刊[11]美国的经济体制（含注解与翻译）

2021届巴蜀中学新高考英语 美国文化外刊[11] （含翻译与重点词汇短语注解） What is the economic system in the United States? Answer: Capitalist economy; Market economy 美国的经济体制是？ 答案：资本主义经济；市场经济 · economic system 经济体制 · capitalist economy 资本主义经济 · market economy 市场经济 Explanation:  If you want to start a business, maybe by opening a restaurant or a clothing store, the United States is a good place to do it. This is because the U.S. has a capitalist, or market, economy, making it acceptable and fairly easy for private entities (or individuals and businesses that are not owned by the government) to buy, sell, and trade things for money without government interference (or involvement by the government). In the U.S., the government doesn't decide how much things should cost or how much of something should be produced (or made). Instead, prices and production are decided based on a system called supply and demand, which refers to how much of a thing exists and how many people want to have that thing.  解释：如果你想创业，比如开餐馆或服饰店，美国是个创业的好地方。这是因为美国的资本主义经济或市场经济，商品买卖不受政府干预，这让私营业主的买卖行为变得更合理更便捷。在美国，商品的价格和产量不是由政府决定，而是由供求系统决定，它涉及产品的供应量和需求量。 · private entities 私营业主 · government interference 政府干预 · supply and demand 供求 How do we know how much supply and demand there is for a product? There are two important factors. The first is profit (or money a business gets by selling something), and the second is self-interest, which is when a person makes decisions based on what is best for him or herself, without paying attention to what is best for other people. 我们是怎么知道某种产品的供求量？ 有下面两大因素。 第一个因素是利润，第二个因素是私利，也就是某人作出决定的时候是以最有益于他自己为基础，而不是以最有益于别人为基础。 A man named Adam Smith is considered the father of American capitalism. He wrote about his ideas in a famous book called The Wealth of Nations. He believed that a capitalist system is run by an invisible hand. The invisible hand is the idea that there is no need for government interference in the economy because the self-interest of individuals will serve the greater good (or the maximum bene