（PPT课件）第十九章 定语从句-【解密英语】新高考实战语用语法

第十九章 定语从句 在语篇中感知定语从句 As we know, there are many students who have difficulty in learning English. They are confused about clauses, of which they find the attributive clauses the greatest headache. In fact, they are the most widely used clauses that are often mixed with others, which makes it most difficult to master. I once met a boy whose problem was that he just memorized the grammar rules. The reason why he failed is that he did it without context. The way in which he learnt English is of course boring and inefficient. My advice is that you read more passages and sentences where there are many attributive clauses. Observe and analyze the structures of those sentences that appear in texts and you will understand them better. Until you are familiar with the situations where attributive clauses appear, you will master them eventually. 第十九章 定语从句 核心问题导学 1.定语从句是什么？起什么作用？ 2.定语从句分哪些类别？ 3.关系代词有哪些？如何区分？ 4.关系代词和关系副词的区别是什么？ 5.定语从句与同位语从句、状语从句、并列分句、独立主格结构分别怎样区分？ 第十九章 定语从句 一、定语从句的概念与分类 （一）定语从句 定语从句（又叫关系从句、形容词从句）是起定语作用的从句，修饰名词(词组)、代词、整个句子或句中述及的一件事。被修饰的部分叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词（分为关系代词和关系副词)。 试看例句： The young man who teaches us English is from UK. 第十九章 定语从句 先行词 关系代词 定从 一、定语从句的概念与分类 （二）定语从句的分类 定语从句按其与先行词的密切程度分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。区别如下： 第十九章 定语从句 对比： The police have arrested the man, who murdered two officials. 警方已抓了那人，他谋杀了两名官员。 The police have arrested the man who murdered two officials. 警方已抓了那个谋杀了两名官员的人。 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 意义与作用 指明先行词的身份或修饰限制先行词，若省去，意义不明，与先行词关系密切 对先行词起补充说明作用，若省去，主句意义不受影响。既可修饰先行词也可修饰整个主句或主句的一部分 翻译 通常译在先行词前作定语 可译为主句的并列分句 关系词 所有关系词均可，当关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略 除that外的所有关系词；任何时候都不可省略 形式 定语从句前不用“，”隔开，只位于先行词后 可放句首、句中或句末，前后均用“，”隔开 二、关系代词 （一）关系代词分类 常见的关系代词见下表： 第十九章 定语从句 注：关系代词作宾语或表语时可省略。 关系词的选择取决于先行词的性质（指人还是指物）和先行词在定语从句中作何种成分。 The man who informed me is Tom. 通知我的人是汤姆。(作主语) The man (who/ whom) I informed is Tom. 我通知的人是汤姆。(作宾语) She is not the person (that) she was. 她已经不是以前的那个人了。(作表语) The person whose book has just come out is a boss. 刚刚出版书的那个人是一个老板。(作定语) 主语 宾语 定语 指人 w