内容正文:
一般过去时&现在完成时
1. 现在完成时的构成:谓语动词用have/has+动词的过去分词(done)
2. 现在完成时的用法:
①表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响;
②表示过去发生的动作持续到现在。
3. 时间状语:通常和already(用于肯定句),yet(用于否定句和疑问句中),since(自从),for+一段时间,recently, ever, never, by now, so far, in the past few years, in the last ten weeks等连用。
☆have been to/have gong to的区别
have been to
have gone to
曾经去过某地(已回)
去某地了,现在还在那个地方或去那的路上
________________________他去过美国。(他现在不在美国)
________________________他去美国了。(他已经在美国了或者去美国的路上)
☆现在完成时常与次数连用:
______________________________(我去过澳大利亚两次)
☆瞬间动词与持续性动词
瞬间动词表示短暂的、不能持续一段时间的动作,如:begin, start, finish, become, arrive等。
持续性动词表示持续一段时间的动作,如:have, keep, wait, work, learn, live等
注意:持续性动词可以和“for+时间段”、“since+某一时间”连用;但瞬间动词不能与“for+时间段”、“since+某一时间”连用。例如:
I have bought the bike for six months. (×)
I have had the bike for six months. (√)
She has borrowed the book for two weeks. (×)
She has kept the book for two weeks. (√)
He has joined the party since ten years ago. (×)
He has been in the party since ten years ago. (√)
They have gone to Beijing since two months ago. (×)
They have been in Beijing since two months ago.(√)
瞬间动词与延续性动词之间的转化:
leave ---_______
borrow --_______
buy ---_______
begin/start --- be on
die ---_______
finish/end --- be over
join --- be in+组织机构
get up---be up
fall ill --- be ill
open sth --- keep sth open
come here --- be here
become --- be
catch a cold ---_______
come back --_______
go (get) out —be out
get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in)
put on --- wear
leave ---_______________
比较一般过去时与现在完成时
a) 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
b) 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:_________________________________________等,皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语:_____________________________________________________等,皆是不确定的时间状语。
现在完成时表示持续到现在的动作或状态时,动词一般是延续性的,如____________________________________________,而不会用到非持续性动词如_______________________________________________等。
Ex1:判断正误:
1.I played tennis yesterday. ( )
I have played tennis yesterday. ( )
2.I had lunch just now. ( )
I ha