微技能 猜测词义技巧（四）：根据常识猜测词义-初中同步八年级英语阅读写作技能训练

阅读进阶 Graded reading 上一期，我们学习了根据构词法猜测词义的技巧。本期，我们将研究根据“常识”来猜测词义。 [来源:Zxxk.Com] 猜测词义技巧（四）：根据常识猜测词义 虽然我们已经学习了三种猜测词义的技巧，但是有时我们会发现根据有些划线词的上下文并不能为我们提供猜测该词词义的全部信息。这时，我们就得在结合上下文内容的前提下，根据常识来判断词义了，而这种情况并不少见。下面，我们就来体会如何根据常识来猜测词义。 Passage 1 It was on a very cold night. I walked along the street lonely, without gloves on my hands. And my hands were numb. Suddenly, I noticed a boy lying beside the street. He was cold and hungry. He asked me if I could give him something to eat. 1. What does the underlined word “numb” most probably mean in Chinese? A. 冻僵的. B. 灵活的. C. 修长的. D. 粗糙的. [来源:学|科|网] Passage 2 Taking a taxi is not always a fast way. For example, if the traffic is heavy, the taxi will be slow. During the mornings and afternoons, there is the “rush hour”. 2. The underlined phrase “rush hour” in the passage means “______” in Chinese.[来源:学科网] A. 比赛中的冲刺时刻 B. 一小时内所跑的路程 C. 交通高峰时刻 D. 匆匆忙忙的一小时 Passage 3 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious（无意识的）, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or know what is happening to him. It is also a good idea for the patient. Sometimes, patients could receive their operations while they are sleeping. 3. What does the underlined word “anaesthetic” mean in Chinese? A. 麻醉剂. B. 镇静剂. C. 消炎药. D. 退烧药.[来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K] 【答案与解析】 1. A。该划线词前的语句提供了下列信息：作者在寒冷的夜晚孤独地走在路上，没有戴手套。根据常识，他的手会被“冻僵”。因此，本题A是正确答案。 2. C。根据生活常识，早晚上下班，交通特别拥挤，我们称为交通高峰期，故C为正确答案。 3. A。根据常识，在手术前，医生会用“麻醉剂”使病人失去知觉，从而减轻病人的痛苦。因此，本题的正确答案为A。[来源:学科网ZXXK] 【总结与拓展】 1. 运用“常识法”是在具备一定的常识的情况下，读懂划线词前后文的语境； 2. 运用“常识法”的前提是尊重原文内容，不可抛开原文凭主观臆断猜测； 3. 用“常识法”猜测词义可以和其它猜测词义的方法并行使用。 小练习 根据常识并结合语境，猜测下列划线词的含义。 1. The man walked briskly to keep warm on a very cold night. A. 悠闲地 B. 安静地 C. 迅速地 D. 缓慢地 2. The snake slithered slowly through the grass. A. 扑食 B. 爬行 C. 攻击 D. 争斗 3. Just before the exam, Bill’s heart beat fast, and his hands shook so much that he could not hold a pen. He really had a phobia about taking tests. A. 渴望 B. 恐惧 C