微技能 归纳段落的中心-初中同步八年级英语阅读写作技能训练

阅读进阶 Graded reading 上一期，我们学习了如何预测文章后续部分的内容。这一期，我们来学习如何归纳段落的中心。 归纳段落的中心 归纳段落的中心是解答阅读理解题的一项非常重要的技能。只有真正地掌握了归纳中心的技能才能全面正确地理解文章或段落的大意，从而才能为正确地解题奠定基础。 现在，我们从以下的例题中来体会针对不同的段落类型，所采用的不同的归纳段落中心的方法。 [来源:学科网] 【例题】 阅读下面两个段落，归纳段落的中心，并指出所采取用的方法。[来源:Zxxk.Com] Paragraph 1 British newspapers are much smaller than they used to be and their readers are often in a hurry, so newspapermen try their best to write as few words as possible. They tell their readers at once what happened, where, when and how it happened and what the result was— how many people were killed, what changes were made, and so on. 段落中心：_____________________________________ 所采用的方法：_________________________________ Paragraph 2 This story happened during the Second World War. An old man lived in a small town in Germany. He had three sons and they all worked in the same factory where he had worked. After the war had begun, his sons were all made to join the army one after another and they all died in the fighting. The old man was very sad. From then on, he didn’t have enough food and was often hungry. 段落中心：_____________________________________ 所采用的方法：_________________________________ 【解题步骤指导】 第一步：扫读段落，大致了解段落内容； 第二步：观察段落中是否包含有能够体现段落中心的中心句或关键句，摘取该句作为段落的中心； 第三步：若没有上述句子，找出能体现该段的主要内容的关键词，连词成句，整合归纳。 【解题过程详解】 Paragraph 1 扫读该段落，我们可以发现，该段落的首句就表达了该段落的中心意思，即：英国的报纸比以前小了。故可采用摘句法完成该小题。但是，该段落首句非常长，而且后一个分句的内容并不是该段的中心意思，故只取该句的前一分句“British newspapers are much smaller than they used to be.”作为答案。 Paragraph 2 扫读该段落，我们发现该段落中并不存在中心句或关键句。但可找出该段落的内容关键词为An old man, Germany, his sons, all died in the fighting, was often hungry。故可采用连词成句法，将这些关键词整合归纳得出该段落的中心为：A story about an old German man who was often hungry after his sons all had died in the war. 【总结与拓展】 1. 摘句法一般是通过寻找中心句或关键句的方式来归纳中心的方法。使用该方法时要保证摘取的句子能准确、精练地概括段落的中心。如果摘取的句子较长，可以进行适当的删减，但不能改变其原意。 2. 我们也可以通过连接关键词来归纳段落中心，即连词成句法。使用该方法时要保证所选词语要准确，连接起来能反映该段的主要内容。同时，要保证句子通顺、明晰。 练一练 阅读下面的段落，归纳段落的中心，并指出所采用的方法。[来源:Z.xx.k.Com] Americans with a small family own a small car or a large one. If both pare