内容正文:
阅读进阶 Graded Reading
前面几期,我们学习了五种猜测词义的技巧。从本期开始,我们将学习如何归纳文章和段落中心的技巧。
归纳段落的中心
在阅读理解中,要求归纳某一段落中心的题目并不少见。其常见的设问方式有以下两种:[来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K]
1. What’s the main idea of Paragraph X?
2. Paragraph X is mainly about _________.
无论是以上哪一种设问方式,我们都可以采用摘句法或连词法来解决。
具体来说,摘句法是指通过寻找中心句、重点句或过渡句的方式来归纳段落中心的方法;而连词法是指通过寻找关键词进行整合和归纳得出段落中心的方法。
[来源:学_科_网Z_X_X_K]
下面,我们通过以下例题来体会这两种方法的具体运用。
【例题】
阅读以下两个段落,归纳其段落中心,并指出所采用的方法。
Paragraph 1
Nigel is a pilot(飞行员) and he often flies to many places. He will fly to New York next month. The month after next, he’ll fly to Tokyo. At the moment, he’s in Madrid. He’s only forty-one years old, and he has already been to nearly every country in the world.
段落中心:_____________________________________
所采用的方法:_________________________________[来源:Zxxk.Com]
Paragraph 2
My house is in the middle of Gulangyu. Behind my house there is a big tree. The tree is very old. There are many birds in it, so I call it a “bird tree”. My house is near the sea. The sea is big and blue. There are a lot of fish in the sea. After school, I go there and catch fish with my friends. It is very interesting. I love my life here.
段落中心:_____________________________________
所采用的方法:_________________________________
【答案及解析】
Paragraph 1
扫读该段落,段首就给出了中心句“Nigel is a pilot and he often flies to many places.”紧接着介绍了Nigel将要飞往的地方,因此本段的首句就直接反映了该段落的中心。归纳出该段落中心所采用的方法是:摘句法。
Paragraph 2
该段落介绍了作者的房子以及与之相关的内容,如a big tree, many birds, the sea, a lot of fish,这些内容都是my house周围的事物。因此我们可将该段落中心归纳为:The beautiful things that are around my house.归纳出该段落中心所采用的方法是:连词法。
[来源:学科网]
【总结与归纳】
归纳段落的中心,首先,扫读段落内容,大致了解段落内容;其次,观察段落中是否有能够表现段落中心的中心句、重点句或过渡句,若有,摘取该句作为段落中心;若没有,则找出能概括该段主要内容的词,即关键词,然后连词成句,归纳出段落中心。
注意:在使用摘句法时,要保证所摘的句子能准确、精练地概括段落中心。如果所摘的句子较长,可以进行适当的删减,但不能改变其原意。在使用连词法时,要保证所选词的准确性,连成的句子要通顺。
练一练
阅读以下两个段落,归纳其段落中心,并指出所采用的方法。
Paragraph 1
Noodles are very easy to cook. First, boil some water. Then put some noodles into the water. Next, take them out of the water and put them in a bowl. You can also put some sauce, tomatoes, eggs