专题13 定语从句-八年级英语暑假语法知识大串讲（福建版）

定语从句 本章内容 1.知识结构 2.知识解析 3.知识拓展 4.福建真题训练 一．知识结构 　　在复合句中作定语的从句称为定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whose等和关系副词when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。 关系词 功能 先行词 例句 that,who 作主语、宾语、表语 人 Do you know the old woman who/that is standing under the tree?你认识站在树下的那位老太太吗? that,which 作主语、宾语、表语 物 She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台她父母给她买的电脑。 whom 宾语 人 She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had met before.她带来三个朋友,没有一个是我以前见过的。 whose 作定语 人、物 The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.那个父亲是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。 The classroom whose windows are open is ours.开着窗户的那个教室是我们的。 when 作状语 时间 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。 where 作状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那所学校。 why 作状语 reason Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗? 二．知识解析 　　一、关系代词的用法 一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或动词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语,whose在从句中作定语。如: A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.  先行词　主语　　谓语　　　　宾语  医生就是照顾人们健康的人。 who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。 　　1.在下列情况中,定语从句只能用that引导: (1)当指物的先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。that有时可省略。如: Is there anything (that) you don’t understand? 你有什么不懂的地方吗? Tom told his mother all that had happened. 汤姆把事情的经过告诉了他妈妈。 (2)当指物的先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。 当先行词指人时,关系代词可用who,whom,that,如: He is the only person that/who can help you out. 他是唯一一个能帮助你摆脱困境的人。 (3)当序数词或形容词最高级修饰指物的先行词时。如: This is the best book(that)I have ever read. 这是我读过的最好的书。 (4)当指物的先行词前面有all,any,no等限定时。如: I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun. 我想把鲁迅写的书全读完。 (5)当主句是以疑问词who开头的特殊疑问句时。如: Who is the boy that is playing football? 正在踢足球的那个男孩儿是谁? 　　2.关系代词的省略:一般情况下that,which,whom可以省略,但以下情况不能省略: (1)关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词宾语并且介词置于关系代词前时,不能省略。如: I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club. 我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。 (2)that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如: Who is the boy that is talking w