专题11 宾语从句-八年级英语暑假语法知识大串讲（福建版）

宾语从句 本章内容 1.知识解析 2.知识拓展 3.福建真题训练 一．知识解析 　　一、宾语从句的引导词及其作用 引导词 引导词的作用 例句 that 本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略 He said(that)Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。 what,which, who,whose, whom等 在从句中作一定的成分,如主语、宾语、定语等 I don’t know what they are going to do.我不知道他们打算干什么。 when(表时间),where(表地点),why(表原因),how(表方式)等 在从句中作状语 Could you tell me where they live?你能告诉我他们住在哪里吗? He explained how the system worked.他讲解了该系统是如何运转的。 　if/whether 意为“是否”,在从句中不作句子成分,但不能省略 He asked me if Miss Wei was a teacher.他问我魏小姐是否是一名教师。 　　二、宾语从句中常见的问题 1.主句与从句时态一致的问题 (1)如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态可根据本身的实际情况而定。可记忆为:主一从原(主句一般时,从句原来的时态) I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。 He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow.他告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。 (2)如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。可记忆为:主过从过(主句过去时,从句过去的某种时态) He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高。 He asked me if I had taken his soap.他问我是否拿了他的肥皂。 (3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是一般过去时,从句也用一般现在时。可记忆为:主过从一(主句过去时,从句真理仍用现在时) He told me that the earth goes around the sun.(真理)他告诉我地球绕着太阳公转。 He said that Yao Ming is much taller than him.(事实)他说姚明比他高很多。 2.宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时,要特别注意从句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。 What’s Kate􀆳s e-mail address?Do you know? →Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is?你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗? 3.宾语从句的引导词 (1)当宾语从句是由陈述句转化来时,用that引导。 “She is a good girl,”the teacher told us. →The teacher told us that she was a good girl.老师告诉我们她是一个好女孩。 注意:当两个或多个由that引导的宾语从句由并列连词and连接时,除第一个从句中的that可以省略外,其余从句中的that都不可以省略。 He said(that)the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.他说这部电影非常有趣而且他很喜欢看。 (2)当宾语从句是由一般疑问句转化来时,宾语从句用whether或if引导,句尾的标点符号取决于主句。 “Are you from Japan?”he asked me. →He asked me if/whether I was from Japan.他问我是不是来自日本。 “Do you like watching TV?”he asked me. →He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.他问我是否喜欢看电视。 (3)当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时,引导词就用原来的特殊疑问词,但从句一定要注意用陈述句语序。 When did he leave for Japan? Could you tell me? →Could you tell me when he left