2.5 句子成分和基本句型（讲义）-2020年初升高英语无忧衔接

2020年初升高英语无忧衔接第二章语法知识衔接 专题五:句子成分和基本句型 讲义 第一部分：句子成分 1、 定义和分类 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语；次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语。 2、 主语（subject） 定义：是一个句子所叙述的主体，说明动作是“谁，什么”发出的，一般位于句首。 举例：Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. 3、 谓语（verb） 定义：是对主语加以陈述，说明主语的动作、状态和特征，一般由V.充当,放在主语之后（英语句子的灵魂） 举例： (1)由单一动词V.做谓语 We are Chinese. I saw the flag on the top of the hill? (2)情态V + V原 He can speak English well. (3)助V +V She is talking with her sister. I have seen this man before. 四、宾语（object） 定义：动作的对象或承受者，一般位于vt.和prep.之后 举例：Show your passport, please. She didn't say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? I succeeded in passing the exam. 五、宾语（object） 定义：有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。