2020年九年级英语中考考前语法复习讲义（六）语态知识点

2020届初三英语中考考前语法复习讲义（六） 语态知识点最全整理 一、语态的概念 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 如：主动句：They clean the classroom. 被动句：The classroom is cleaned by them. 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。 三、被动语态的种类 1.一般现在时的被动语态结构:am/is/are+done Flowers are planted every year. 2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were +done The park was cleaned up by many students last week. 3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：will/shall/be going to + be done .A new building will be built  next year. 4.过去将来时的被动语态：was/were going to + be done should/would + be done He said paper money wouldn’t be used by people in 80 years . 5.现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are + being done The piano is being played  by a friend. 6.过去进行时的被动语态：was /were/ + being done Tom was being interviewed by the boss when I got there 7.现在完成时的被动语态：have/has + been done This river has been polluted since last month. 8.过去完成时的被动语态：had + been done 1000 words had been learned by the end of last term 9.情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/should等+be done The earth should be protected by us. 四、被动语态的基本用法 1.在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下，可用被动语态。 Eg: This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。 2.要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。 Eg: Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。 Tips:主动语态变被动语态 主动语态转换成被动语态分三步走： （1）第一步是将主动语态中的宾语放在句首， （2）第二步是将主动语态中的谓语变成被动形式， （3）第三步是将主动语态中的主语放在被动句的谓语之后，在前面再加上介词by，引出动作的执行者。 简言之，主动语态变被动语态时，主语与宾语交换位置，谓语变为被动形式，执行者前加by。 主动语态：We      speak       Chinese. (主语)    (谓语)    (宾语) Chinese  is spoken   by us. (主语)    (谓语)    (宾语) A lot of books are kept in our school library.我们学校图书馆有许多藏书。 Radio is used in everyday life.收音机用于日常生活。 注意：1.主动、被动互相转换时，时态不变。 2.主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动句by的宾语时，要用宾格形式。 Eg:They grow rice in the south.在南方他们种植水稻。 →Rice is grown (by them) in the south.在南方水稻被（他们）种植。 She takes care of the baby.她照顾这个婴儿。 →The baby is taken care of (by them).这个婴儿由她照顾。 五、无被动语态的词 1.在前面讲到被动语态的构成时，我们一直强调“be+及物动词的过去分词”，从主动语态和被动语态的转换我们可知，不及物动词是没有被动语态的。 常见的词有：happen发生，take place发生，rise上升、上涨，grow生长等。注：grow当“种植”讲时有被动语态。 An accident ____ on this road last week. A.has been