内容正文:
赢战2020届高考英语重点难点【语法填空】增分攻略五原题版
技巧一 有提示词类
1、 提示词为动词时,通常考查谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式。
考查谓语动词
若句子中没有谓语,或者有并列连词连接两个谓语,则需要填谓语动词形式,此时考生应根据语境判断动词的时态、语态,以及谓语动词与主语保持单复数一致。
[典例1] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65.____________(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66.belief(believe) that populations are increasing.
[解析] have reported 考查时态和主谓一致。句中的时间状语In recent years多与现在完成时连用,主语some Inuit people为复数意义,故本空填have reported。
[典例2] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of 69.the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70.____________(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
[解析] are 考查时态和主谓一致。本句其他谓语用了一般现在时,本句的主语six表示复数意义,故本空应填谓语动词are。
考查非谓语动词
若句子中已经有了谓语动词,且此空不作并列谓语,则需要填非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词包括动名词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式。此时考生应判断非谓语动词在句中作什么成分,非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间存在主动还是被动关系,以及非谓语动词和谓语动词的时间先后顺序,从而确定所填动词的适当形式。
(1)作主语或宾语,通常用V.ing形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况。
[典例3] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by 67.__________(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68.higher(high) than they actually are.
[解析] noting 考查非谓语动词。在介词by后,应用动名词作宾语,故本空填noting。
[典例4] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid 64.____________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 65.challenged(challenge).
[解析] looking 考查非谓语动词。avoid后常接动名词作宾语,故本空填looking。
(2)作目的状语或形容词后作状语一般用动词不定式。
[典例5] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods 63.of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive 64.____________(perform) consistently over a large area.
[解析] to perform 考查非谓语动词。本句含有“sth.+be+adj.+不定式”结构,主语通常是不定式动作的承受者,不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。句意:自20世纪80年代中期以来,人们就在使用现代的方法来跟踪北极熊的种群数量,这些方法在很大范围内连续执行起来非常昂贵。
[典例6] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don’t have to run fast or for long 62.____________(see) the benefit.
[解析] to see 考查非谓语动词。本句有谓语,因此空处应用非谓语动词;分析句子结构及句意可知,此本空应用动词不定式to see作目的状语。
(3)作伴随状语时,通常用分词形式,若与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 用