专题 14 宾语从句和定语从句-破解2020年中考之易错易混点丢分题

【2019 • 四川省凉山州】—Simon, you look smart in the T-shirt. Could you tell me ___________ it? —OK. I bought it in a store online. A. where you bought B. where do you buy C. when you buy D. when did you buy 【参考答案】 【试题解析】句意：——西蒙，你穿这件T恤看起来很帅。你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？——好的。我是在网上的一家商店买的。宾语从句中，从句通常用陈述语序，排除B、D。从I bought it in a store online. 判断句子询问在哪里买的，用where 引导。故选A。 此题考查宾语从句，学生想做对宾语从句的题，必须掌握住三个原则：一、宾语从句应用陈述语序；二、宾语从句的时态应和主句保持一致；三、选择正确的宾语从句引导词。此题中A项和C项都是陈述语序，根据句意可知此处问的是他在哪里买的衣服，故选where作引导词。 宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late. 3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。 I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 【辨析】宾语从句的引导词 引导词 引导词的作用 例句 that 无意义，只起连接作用，常可省略 He said （that） Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。 what，which， who，whose， whom等连接代词 在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等 I don’t know what they are going to do. 我不知道他们打算干什么。 when，where，why，how等连接副词 在从句中作状语 Could you tell me where you are from?你能告诉我你来自哪吗？ if，whether 意为＂是否＂，不作句子成分，但不能省略 He asked me if she was a teacher. 他问我她是否是一位老师。 【典例】—We don’t know _______________. —It is said that he was born in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from 【答案】C 【解析】该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。 1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。 He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy. I hear (that) physics isn’t easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Please tell me wh