考点10 被动语态-2020年中考英语考点总动员

考点10 被动语态 一、教材重点回顾： 1、被动语态的含义 英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即: 主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被”“由”的句式，其主语是动作的承受者。 如:“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。” 2、被动语态的结构 那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢?请看下面的例句(注意划线部分): This is called “the greenhouse effect.” They are called renewable sources. 通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是: be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+动作执行者） 3、被动语态的运用：下面几种情况一般要用被动语态 (1)不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。 例如: Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木材生产出来的。 He was wounded in the fight. 他在战斗在受伤了。 Electricity is used to run machines. 电是用来开动机器的。 (2) 不需要强调动作的对象时。例如: Calculator can’t be used in the maths exam. 计算器不能用于数学考试。 Books in the reading room mustn' t be taken away. 阅览室的书籍不准带走。 (3) 句子的主语是物。 Spanish is spoken as the official language there. 在那里西班牙语被当作官方语言来说。 4、各种时态的被动语态：最主要是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化: 1）、一般现在时的被动语态。 am/is/are +动词的过去分词 One is known as the one-child policy. 其中一项被称为独生子女政策 Sea waves are used for producing electricity. 海浪用来发电。 2）、一般过去式的被动语态: was/ were +动词的过去分词 Big family were crowded into small houses. 大家庭被挤一间小房子里。 Electric vehicles were developed in the 1990s. 电动汽车是20世纪90年代被发展了。 3）、现在进行时的被动语态: am /is/ are + being+动词的过去分词 A new factory is being built in our city now. 现在我们市里一家新工厂正在被兴建。 Some trees are being cut down in the park. 一些公园里的树木正在被砍伐。 4）、过去进行时的被动语态: was/were+ being+动词的过去分词 A new factory was being built in our city at that time. 那时候在我们市里一家新工厂正在被兴建。 Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year. 去年，一些宝宝正在被陈小姐照看着。 5）、一般将来时的被动语态: (A) will/shall + be +动词的过去分词 (B) am/ is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词. Some new factories will be built in our city this year. 今年我们市里将要兴建一些新工厂。 Your watch is going to be mended in an hour. 你的手表将在一小时内（被）修好。 6）、过去将来时的被动语态: (1).would/ should + be+动词的过去分词 (2).was/ wee +going to be +动词的过去分词. She said that some new factories would be built in our city. 她说在我们市里将要兴建一些新工厂。 He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour. 他认为你的手表将在一个小时内被修好。 7）、现在完成时的被动语态have /has + been+动词的过去分词 Their materials have been changed so that it feels more comfortable. 它们的材料已经被更换了，为了它摸起来更舒服。 8）、过去完成时的被动