内容正文:
定语从句(1)
一、定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.先行词:被修饰的名词或代词,有时可以是一个完整的句子。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有三个作用:1引导定语从句;2代替先行词;3在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语或宾语。
eg. 昨天我帮助了一个迷路的老人。
Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
你认识那个人吗,老师正在和他谈话。
Do you know the man who the teacher is talking to?
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
eg. 你刚才遇到的那个男人是我的朋友。
The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
eg. 足球是受到许多男孩子喜爱的一项比赛。
Football is a game which is popular with most boys.
这是他昨天买的钢笔。
This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
eg. 他就是那个想要见你的人吗?
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
你借给我的那本书很有趣。
The book (that/which) you lent me was interesting.
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
eg. 他有个朋友,爸爸是个医生。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
我曾经住过一个房子,那房子的屋顶都塌了。
I once lived in a house whose roo