内容正文:
高考英语短文填空考点讲解与真题分析
专题14 名词
给出的提示词是名词,要求用其适当形式填入空格。对名词的考查主要有:1. 变复数;2. 变成同根名
词;3. 变动词;4. 变形容词。其中名词变复数和名词变形容词是考查的重点。
1. 变复数
如果给出的提示词是可数名词,且所填空格在句子中作主语,宾语,则将名词变为复数填入空格(主要有两种情况:一是空格前没有限定词,冠词或物主代词;二是空格前有all, many, some, few, several, a lot of, lots of, one of, 大于1的数词,分数,百分数等词修饰)。
名词复数形式的构成应注意:
1. 规则名词复数形式的构成:
1)一般情况在名词后加-s。例如:
face—faces, cup—cups, desk—desks
2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词,后加-es。例如:
bus—buses, box—boxes, watch—watches, brush—brushes
3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es。例如:
city—cities, factory—factories, country—countries, family—families
4)以-f,-fe结尾的名词,一般变-f, -fe为v,再加-es。例如:
wife—wives, life—lives, leaf—leaves, shelf—shelves, thief—thieves
但是:roof—roofs, proof—proofs, belief—beliefs, handkerchief—handkerchiefs/handkerchieves, scarf—scarfs/scarves
5)以-o结尾的名词:
a. 以“元音字母+o”结尾的名词或某些外来词,后加-s。例如:
zoo—zoos, radio—radios, piano—pianos, kilo—kilos
b. 以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词(外来词除外),加-es。例如:
hero—heroes, tomato—tomatoes, potato—potatoes
c. 少数以-o结尾的名词,后加-e或-es都可以。例如:
motto—motto(e)s, zero—zero(e)s, volcano—volcano(e)s
2. 不规则名词的复数形式
有些名词的复数形式不是通过在词尾加-s或-es构成,而是通过其词形变化构成。常见的有:
man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, mouse—mice, goose—geese, child—children, ox—oxen, basis—bases, datum—data, medium—media, phenomenon—phenomena。
一些以-man或-woman结尾的名词,其复数形式是将其词尾变为-men或-women。例如:fisherman—fishermen, chairman—chairmen, policeman—policemen, policewoman—policewomen。
1. No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various ____________ (activity) on Earth Day. (2019北京)
【答案】activities
【解析】句意:无论你喜欢做什么,地球日这一天你总有办法参与各种各样的活动。activity是可数名词,由various可知,应填复数形式。activity的复数形式是activities。
2. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___________ (cause). (2018全国I)
【答案】causes
【解析】句意:写这一评论的作家中有两名作家做了一项研究,并于2014年发表,研究表明一天只跑5到10分钟,就能降低心脏病和早死的风险。cause意为“病因”,是可数名词,在此作介词from的宾