专题05 连词（三）-2020年高考英语语法填空考点讲解与真题分析

高考英语语法填空考点讲解与真题分析 专题05连词（三） IV．关系词 关系词引导定语从句。首先要判断该空引导的是定语从句，然后根据定语从句的相关语法知识确定具体 的关系词。 关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。关系词的选择可从两个方面入手：一是关系词在从句中所作的成分；二是先行词所指。关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时，用关系代词；关系词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词。先行词指人时，关系代词用who, whom, that, whose；先行词指物时，关系代词用which, that, whose。详见下表： 关系词 在从句中充当的成分 先行词 关系代词 who 主语、宾语、表语 人 whom 宾语 人 which 主语、宾语、表语 物 that 主语、宾语、表语 人或物 whose 定语 人或物 关系副词 when 状语 时间 where 状语 地点 why 状语 原因 1. 关系代词who, whom, which, that引导定语从句 关系代词who, whom, which, that在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。 1. The students benefitting most from college are those _________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources (资源). （2019北京） 【答案】who/that 【解析】句意：从大学获益最多的是那些完全投入到学术生活的学生，他们充分利用大学的机遇和资源。这是一个复合句，主句是The students benefitting most from college are those，从句是_________ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources (资源)。从句修饰those，是定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词；先行词those指人，故用关系代词who或that。 2. They were well trained by their masters   _________   had great experience with caring for these animals. (2019全国III) 【答案】who/that 【解析】句意：它们得到了在照料动物方面经验丰富的主人的良好训练。这是一个复合句，主句是They were well trained by their masters，从句是 _________   had great experience with caring for these animals。从句修饰masters，是定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词指人，故用关系代词who或that。 3. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ________ gives off light in the dark. (2019浙江) 【答案】which/that 【解析】句意：在夹克衫的边缘有一块布，在黑暗中能发出光。这是一个复合句，主句是On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth，从句是________ gives off light in the dark。从句修饰cloth，是定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词指物，故用关系代词which或that。 4. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. （2018全国I） 【答案】which/that 【解析】句意：这是一个复合句，主句是Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014，从句是______ showed