专题06 定语从句（一）-2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析

2020年高考高考语法考点讲解与真题分析 06 定语从句 在主句中作定语的句子叫定语从句。定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。 考点一 定语从句关系词的选择 定语从句关系词的选择是定语从句的重点和难点。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。关系词的选择可从两个方面入手：一是关系词在从句中所作的成分；二是先行词所指。关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时，用关系代词；关系词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词。先行词指人时，关系代词用who, whom, that, whose；先行词指物时，关系代词用which, that, whose。详见下表： 关系词 在从句中充当的成分 先行词 关系代词 who 主语、宾语、表语 人 whom 宾语 人 which 主语、宾语、表语 物 that 主语、宾语、表语 人或物 whose 定语 人或物 关系副词 when 状语 时间 where 状语 地点 why 状语 原因 1. 关系代词who, whom, which, that引导定语从句 关系代词who, whom, which, that在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。 1. The little problems _______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. （2017北京） A. that B. as C. where D. when 【答案】A 【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是The little problems may be inspirations for great inventions，从句是_______ we meet in our daily lives。从句修饰主句中的problem，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作meet的宾语，应用关系代词，故用that。 2． The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. （2014安徽） A. When B. where C. why D. which 【答案】D 【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是The exact year was 2008，从句是_______ Angela and her family spent together in China。从句修饰主句中的The exact year，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作spent的宾语，应用关系代词，故用which。 3. Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.（2014江西） A. which B. what C. where D. when 【答案】A 【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是Among the many dangers, probably the greatest of all is fog，从句是 _______ sailors have to face。从句修饰主句中的dangers，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作have to face的宾语，应用关系代词，故用which。 4. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. （2013湖南） A. whom  B. who  C. what  D. which 【答案】B 【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是Happiness and success often come to those，从句是_______ are good at recognizing their own strengths。从句修饰主句中的those，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词，those指人，故用who。 5. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ______ you can hire to reach your host family. (2011上海) A. whic