内容正文:
非谓语动词专题
基础知识
1. 不定式结构(to do):
A. 动词不定式在句子中充当的语法成分 :
作主语
作表语
作宾语
常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange等。
做宾补
可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有:advise, allow, ask, hear, order, see, tell, want, wish, watch等。
在主动结构中,下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to:“五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)“三使”(make, let, have)“两听”(hear, listen to)“一感觉”(feel)。例如:
Who made him work all night long?
但是,改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。例如:He was seen to break the window.
作定语
下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语:ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, failure, promise, way, wish等。由only, first, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后,也常接不定式作定语。
作状语
动词不定式作状语,可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。
2. 现在分词与过去分词(doing; done):
现在分词表示主动、结果。在句子中作定语或状语等。其变体有having done, having been done
1. It rained heavily,_____ severe flooding in that place.
A. to cause B. having causing
C. causing D. caused
2._____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants