内容正文:
专题14 从属连词及定语从句考点分析
定语从句简介:
1. 定语从句位于复合句中(主语、宾语、表语等名词之后起修饰名词特点特征作用)位置。
2. 定语从句必须要注意(先行词<被修饰的名词>、关联词<关系代词和关系副词、时态)三点内容,
并且关联词在定语从句中必须(承担句子的某一个组成成分“主语或宾语或定语或状语”)
3. 定语从句的时态(不受主句的任何约束,完全视实际情况决定)
定语从句从属连词考点设置:
1. 定语从句的关联词分为关系代词(必考考点)和关系副词(非必考考点)两部分:
1)先行词是“人物”时,用关系代词(who、whom、that、whose)代替,并且在定语从句中充当
(who(代替主语、whom(代替宾语、that(代替主语或宾语、whose(代替定语)成分。
2)先行词是“事、物”时,用关系代词(which 、that)代替,并且在定语从句中充当的成分作用
(which(代替主语或宾语、that(代替主语或宾语)成分。
3)关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中充当(宾语作用)时,关系代词可省略,充当(主语作用)时,
不可以省略。
4)定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与(先行词的单复数形式)保持一致。
*5)当关联词代替先行词在定语从句中放在句尾表示“动作发生所在的时间或地点或原因”的状语,
叫作“关系副词”有(when 、where 、why)
2. 关系代词中that一般可以和who、whom、which互换,注意不能互换的考察:
(1)只能用that的情况考察:
a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, few, little, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.
c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.
e.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.
*f.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.
*h.有两个定语从句时,其中一个宜用which,另外一个宜用that。
(2)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.
*3. 关系副词的用法(非必考考点)
当关系代词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词。
其中when=表示间的介词(如:in,at,on, during等)+which;
where=表地点的介词(如:in, at, on, under等)+which;
why=表原因的介词(如:for)+which.
实战链接:
1. ---Do you know the man _____________is talking with your father?
---Yes, he’s our headmaster.
A. whose B. who C. which D. whom
2. This is the best hotel in the city ______________I know.
A. where B. which C. that D. it
3. Can you lend me the dictionary ________________the other day?
A. that you bought B. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
4. Anyone ______________with what I said may put up your hands.
A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree
5. My watch is not the only thing _______________ is missing.
A. that B. it C. which D. who
6. The ma