中考英语复习——被动语态语法归纳

中考英语复习——被动语态语法归纳 概念： 英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成。被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成。一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动含义。   构成： 被动语态由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问句和否定句的变化形式也是如此。各种时态形式表如下：   一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am/is/are+P.P.(过去分词) am/is/are+being+P.P. has/have+been+P.P. 过去 was/were+P.P. was/were+being+P.P. had+been+P.P. 将来 shall/will+be+P.P.     另：含有情态动词的被动语态构成为“情态动词+be+P.P.”     不定式的被动语态构成为“to be done” 1. English is spoken in many countries. (一般现在时) 2. Who was this article written by? (一般过去时) 3. An important meeting will be held in our school. (一般将来时) 4. A new bridge is being built in the city. (现在进行时) 5. Everything has been done by him so far. (现在完成时) 6. Something must be done to protect wild animals. (情态动词)   使用范围： ①不知道或不必指出动作的执行者     These books are written for children. / We were asked to sing a song. ②强调动作的承受者，这时可带有by引起的短语。     More trees must be planted by us next year.     A new machine was invented by Uncle