内容正文:
语法分词
知识点一(现在分词)
【知识梳理】
一、现在分词:
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式:
现在
及 物 动 词 write
不及物动词go
分词
主动语态
被动语态
主动语态
一般式
writing
being written
going
完成式
having written
having been written
having gone
否定式:not + 现在分词
1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:
They went to the park, singing and talking.
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball.
2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important.
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
2、现在分词的句法功能:
1)作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前,如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father.
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,
如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed,
the man speaking 可改为the man who is speaking.
2)作表语:
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + d