高考英语语法知识讲解——被动语态

被动语态 1、被动语态的构成 　被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。汉语用“被、是、由、受、给”等表示被动意义。 2.主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： ①将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语.如主动句的宾语是代词,需变为主格。 ②将动词改为“be+过去分词”, 且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。 ③将主动语态的主语置于介词 by之后,如无必需,则省略。 请对比下面的主动句和被动句： 主动语态：They(主语) grow (谓语)  tea(宾语)  in the southeast of China. 被动语态：Tea(主语) is grown (谓语)  by them  in the southeast of China. 3、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 在这个句型中,谓语动词跟有两个宾语。变成被动语态时,一般将通常指人的间接宾语转化成主语,但有时也可将指物的间接宾语转化成主语： ①He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。 → She was given some money.=Some money was given to her. ②He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一快表。 →She was bought a watch.=A watch was bought for her. ☻注意：用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时,通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to, for等),以加强间接宾语的语气。 4、含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句 带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时,常用it来作为被动句的形式主语,宾语从句保留不变。 ①They said that he had gone abroad to study English. 他们说他出国学英语去了。 →It was said that he had gone abroad to study English. 据说他出国学英语去了。 ②We haven't decided when we should go camping. 我们还未决定什么时候去野营。 → It hasn't been decided when we should go camping. 什么时候去野营尚未决定。 ☻提示：带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时