2019届英语高考二轮复习语法专题 专题5 非谓语动词

专题5　非谓语动词 考纲展示　命题探究 基础点 1　不定式作状语 不定式常可用作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语，相当于一个状语从句。 (1)作目的状语 不定式作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。 So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to_cheer_her_up. [福建高考] 因此，我们走到卖花者面前，问她我们能不能买一枝花给那位女士以让她高兴起来。 In_order_to_answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area.[安徽高考] 为了回答这个问题，我们必须首先检查人们是否真地想保护一个地区的历史遗迹。 (2)作结果状语 不定式用于so...as to...(如此……以至于……)，such...as to...(如此……以至于……)，enough to do...(足够做……)，too...to do...(太……而不能)，only to do(表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果)等结构中常用来表结果。 Eventually Mildred felt comfortable enough__to_jump_up on Tom's leg and stay long enough for me to get a picture of the two of them together.[四川高考] 最终，米尔德里德感到足够的舒适，可以跳到汤姆的腿上呆足够长的时间，而我可以为他们两个一起拍照。 How often do you have something you want to achieve—only_to_end_up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress？[全国卷Ⅰ] 你多久会遇到一次这样的情况：你想得到一些东西，结果却被摆在你面前的选择所困惑，停滞不前？ I rushed to the station, only_to_find the train had already gone. 我匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 特别提醒 不定式作结果状语时，常用于so...as to..., such...as to..., enough to..., too...to..., only to等结构中。如： She was so late as_to miss half of the lecture. 她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。 She is such a good teacher as_to be respected by all her students. 她是个如此好的老师，以至于受到她所有学生的尊敬。 (3)作原因状语 不定式作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous, surprised, astonished, delighted, disappointed等，表示主语的特征、性质或说明产生这种情感的原因。 The book is very hard_to_understand. 这本书很难理解。 We were_astonished_to_find the temple still in its original condition. 令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 特别提醒 在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do sth.”结构中，不定式和其所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系，但其逻辑宾语就是句子的主语，所以常用主动形式表示被动意义。 When I told her the air would be_hard_to_breathe (＝the air would be hard for us to breathe) and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. 当我告诉她空气会难以呼吸而且天气会非常寒冷时，她说那将是一次有趣的经历。 2　现在分词作状语 (1)