2019届英语高考二轮复习语法专题 介词、介词短语和动词短语

专题3　介词、介词短语和动词短语 考纲展示　命题探究 基础点 1　常见介词的基本用法 介词不能独立在句中充当成分，介词通常与名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件等之间的关系。 (1)作定语 介词短语往往放在名词后作后置定语，如of, with, in, to, for, about等。 And it was all because he happened to be the last kid in_the_last_row. (2)作状语 介词短语经常用来作状语，表时间、地点、原因、方式等。 Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with_your_eyes_closed. (3)作表语 介词或介词短语常可以作表语，如at, in, on, of, beyond, out of, under等。 He had no food or water and he was in_terrible_pain. (4)作宾语补足语 介词或介词短语也可以用来作宾语补足语。 I found her in_better_spirits when we met again. 2　介词的分类 (1)表示时间的介词 ①in, on, at和over 介词 用法 例子 in in the 1950s 在20世纪50年代， in 1950 在1950年， in summer 在夏季， in May在五月， in the morning在上午 续表 介词 用法 例子 on on May 1 在5月1日， on Monday 在周一， on National Day 在国庆节， on Sunday morning 在周日早上 at at dawn在黎明 at 6：00在6点 at Christmas在圣诞节 at the age of 5在5岁时 over over the past year在过去的一年里 典例1　　He invited me to a dance after the show________Christmas Eve. 典例2　　I'm sorry I didn't phone you, but I've been very busy________the past couple of weeks. ②after和in 介词 用法 例子 after They finished the task after two days.两天后他们完成了任务。 in We'll meet again in two days.两天后我们将再见面。 典例3　　Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves________half an hour. 巧记介词in, on, at表时间的用法： at用在时刻前，亦与正午、午夜连，黎明、终止和开端，at与之紧相伴。 周月季年长时间，in须放在其前面，泛指一晌和傍晚，也要放在in后面。 on指特定某一天，日期、星期和节日前，某天上下午和夜晚，依然要在on后面。 今明昨天前后天，上下这那每之前，at， in， on都不填，此乃习惯记心间。 注：“上下这那每之前”是指last/next/this/that/every之前。 特别提醒 “in＋一段时间”也可用于过去时，意为“在……内”；after后接具体的时间点时，可用于过去时，也可用于将来时。 He wrote the book in two years. They went to the movie after supper. My brother will go there after five o'clock. ③for, during, through 介词 意义 例句 for She has been ill for several days. during I went to France for two weeks during the summer. through They worked through the night. ④from, since 介词 意义 例句 from You can come anytime from Monday to Friday.周一至周五你什么时间来都行。 since We have known each other since ten years ago.我们十年前就认识