专题03 完形填空（考点精讲）-【中职专用】2025年职教高考英语二轮复习专项突破（江苏专用）

03完形填空 【考纲解读】 完形填空考查考生的语言综合应用与理解能力。在英语考试中，完形填空的文章篇幅一般在200～300词，包含10个小题，即10个空白。每空考查的内容基本围绕单词以及短语展开，要求考生在快速读懂、理解文章的行文思路和大意的基础上，结合上下文内容选择合适的单词或短语填入空白处。 完形填空所涉及的文章多以记叙文、说明文和议论文为主，主题包括人物故事和社会时事等。对于考生来说是结合语言基本知识、社会常识和阅读理解层面的难度较高的题目。结合最新真题的分析可知，完形填空大体可以分为四类题型，分别为词义辨析题、词语搭配题、语法结构题以及逻辑推理题。要求考生熟悉掌握常用词汇的意思以及相关搭配，并在此基础上提高阅读理解能力，把握主旨大意，做出正确的逻辑推断。 【考点精讲】 一、词义辨析题 1.题型特征 主要考查考生对基本词法及其相关结构的熟练度，常考词类多见于名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等实词以及连词和介词这样的虚词。 2.应试技巧 联系上下文，将空白处所在的句子进行翻译，通过判断所填选项是否通顺或符合题意来进行作答。 二、词语搭配题 1.题型特征 这一类型的题目往往稍加阅读便可知题意，然后结合题干，选择正确的词语、句子结构或语法搭配即可。常见于连词的选择与使用、关联词搭配以及介词与名词、动词的搭配等。 2.应试技巧 认真分析句子所缺内容，结合日常积累的基础知识，通过翻译空白处所在句来确定答案。 三、语法结构题 1.题型特征 涉及内容多为词句语法上的曲折变化以及语法上的固定搭配等。 2.应试技巧 细心阅读句子，观察、理解题目所在语境，找准时态、语态，精准分析句子中包含的语法现象或固定搭配。 四、逻辑推理题 1.题型特征 题目常出现在典型的语义标志后，通过联系上下文并结合语境信息，考查考生对特定语句的理解。 2.应试技巧 充分理解语境及语义，结合上下文，联系有关的语义标志进行选择。 （一）词义辨析题 辨析类型主要包括名词辨析、动词辨析、形容词辨析、副词辨析、介词辨析等。需要联系上下文，将空白处所在的句子进行翻译，然后再判断所填选项是否通顺或者符合题意。 1. 语义场法 语义场又称词汇场，是指归属于一个共同概念之下，意思上紧密相连的一组词的聚合体。在这个场中，每个词都有其特定的意义和位置，与其他词之间存在着相似性和差异性。完形填空有时会在语篇的语义场中设空，因此，识别不同的语义场以及形成语义场的词汇对于理解语篇、选出正确答案有很大帮助。 【例】Almost every Saturday morning, Molly pulls a table into her front yard. On the table she lays out some in season, such as carrots and tomatoes. A .fruits B.flowers C.leaves D.vegetables 【解析】D。本句句义为：几乎每个星期六早上，莫莉都会把一张桌子拉到她家前院。 她在桌上摆上了一些应季的 ，比如胡萝卜和西红柿。根据空后的such as所举的例子可以判断，空白处所缺少的单词是与 carrots 和 tomatoes 同一个语义场的词，四个选项中只有vegetables符合。故选 D。 2. 代入法 把给出的四个选项都代入空白处进行验证，看哪个选项最符合句义。 【例】Buffalo rushed toward Mouse and stepped on him . A ．quietly B ．heavily C ．beautifully D ．Patiently 【解析】B 。本句句义为：水牛冲向老鼠， 踩在了他身上。将四个选项代入空白处后，会发现只有 B 项符合。考虑到水牛的体重和他冲向老鼠的情景，可以推断他一定是“重重地 ”踩在老鼠身上。quietly 意为“安静地 ”；beautifully 意为“漂亮地 ”；patiently意为“耐心地”，代入后皆不符合文意。 3. 常识法 分析空白处所在句，利用常识解题。 【例】Once a chief （酋长） told a servant （仆人） to go to the market. “Bring me the best piece of meat that is sold in the market,” said the chief. The servant at once and ran to the market. A.replied B.cried C.escaped D.obeyed 【解析】D 。本段句义为：曾经有一位酋长告诉他的仆人去一趟市场，“把市场上卖得 最好的那块肉给我带回来。 ”仆人立刻 并跑到市场。根据常识可知，既然是酋长给仆 人下的命令，仆人必然是立即 obey（遵守），故 D 项是正确答案。 （二）逻辑推理题 逻辑推理题是英语完形填空题中的必考题型，具有非常强的规律性。重点考查在题目前 后意思基本表达完整的情况下，是否能准确把握上下文之间的逻辑关系的能力。所以，考生 需要根据已有的信息推断出句子之间的逻辑关系。 1. 常见逻辑类型及其逻辑关系词 · 并列关系：also, besides, along with, and, not only…but also…, either…or … , neither…nor … , similarly, in the same way, the same as, as well as, like, meanwhile 等； · 递进关系：above all, furthermore, whats more, moreover, even等； · 转折关系：but, however, yet, while等； · 条件关系：if,unless, as/ so long as等； · 让步关系：although, though, while, even though, even if, in spite of, despite, regardless of 等； · 对比关系：while, whereas, unlike, contrary to, in contrast (to), rather than, on the contrary, by contrast, instead of, not…but…等； · 因果关系：because, now that, since, as, for, as a result of, so/ such that, as a result, therefore, thus, so 等。 2. 解题步骤 一读：阅读题干句子，仔细分析句子结构； 二判断：找逻辑关系词，判断句子的逻辑关系； 三选择：根据逻辑关系选择合适的答案。 【例】Ive learned enough Chinese to carry out some tasks, such as booking train tickets and speaking with my landlord （房东）. , a few complicated （复杂的） tasks, like visits to the bank and anything else that needs technical terms, are still hard for me. A.Therefore B.Besides C.However D.Then 【解析】C 。考查逻辑推理。前一句话表示“我 ”已经学了足够多的中文，能够完成一 些任务，比如订火车票以及与房东交流。后一句话则指出在面对一些困难的任务，比如去银行或者做一些需要用到专业术语的事情时，“我 ”仍然觉得很困难。由两句话的含义可以判 断两句话之间存在着转折关系，故答案为C。 语法结构题 语法结构是英语完形填空题中的必考题型，具有非常强的规律性。涉及内容多为词句语 法上的屈折变化以及语法上的固定搭配等。 1.高频语法结构 （1）定语从句 限制性定语从句： 先行词+引导词+不完整句 e.g. I know the girl that spoke to you just now. 非限制性定语从句： 主句 + ，+ 引导词 + 不完整句 引导词+不完整句+ , +主句 e.g. Jim changed his mind, which made me very angry. As is known to all, Beijing is the capital of China. 【例】SpaceX is a company builds rockets. A .who B.where C.whereas D.that 【解析】D。考查语法结构。句义：SpaceX 是一家制造火箭的公司。分析句子成分可知，句子含有 is 和 builds 两个谓语，因此可判断这是一个复合句，空格词应引导从句，builds rockets 是前面company的属性，起修饰作用，因此可判断空格词引导定语从句，从句缺少主语，排除B、C项；因为company是物，不能用who引导，排除A；故答案选D。 （2）状语从句 主句+ 引导词 +完整陈述句 从属连词+ 完整陈述句， + 主句 e.g. When she came in, I was writing an essay. I was writing an essay, When she came in. 【例】No matter bad the weather is, the basic lives of the people must be fully safeguarded. A.however B.where C.why D.how 【解析】D。考查语法结构。句义：无论天气多么恶劣，人民群众的基本生活都必须得到充分保障。no matter+疑问词，意为“无论…… ”，根据其后的形容词severe可知，这里指“无论多么严重”。故答案为D。 （3）宾语从句 及物动词+引导词+句子 介词+引导词+句子 e.g. He told me that the moon moves round the earth. 他告诉我月球绕着地区转。 I will give this book to who wants to have it. 谁想要这本书，我就给谁。 【例】I remained silent while I processed how cool that would be and wondered I had something that could do the same. A.when B.how C.if D.though 【解析】C。考查语法结构。空白处所在句的句义为：我一边沉默，一边想着 我也拥有一个东西可以做同样的事。根据语法规则，空白处需要填入引导词引导宾语从句，though 只能引导状语从句，故排除D项；when引导宾语从句时，意为“什么时候”；how引导宾语从句时，意为“如何，怎样”；if 引导宾语从句时，意为“是否”。结合选项和语境可知，C 项为正确答案。 （4）非谓语动词 分词短语作状语：分词短语 + ，+ 主句 主句 + ，+ 分词短语 e.g. Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. 听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。 The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage. 大火持续了整整一夜，造成了巨大的损失。 分词短语作后置定语：被修饰词+分词短语 e.g. I miss the cakes made by my mom. 我怀念我妈妈做的蛋糕。 A man getting up as soon as the cock crows is a hardworking man. 鸡一打鸣就起床的人是一个勤奋的人。 动名词作宾语：介词 +动名词（短语） 及物动词 +动名词（短语） e.g. I always spend my spare time in reading. 我总是花业余时间阅读。 The teacher doesnt permit running in the classroom. 老师不允许（学生）在教室里奔跑。 【例】I began to describe her room, including the old sheets on her window. A.hangs B.hanged C.hanging D.hung 【解析】D 。考查语法结构。空白处所在句的句义为“在电梯里，我开始给她描述她的房间，包括 在她窗户上的旧床单”。hang 有两种中文意思，一为“悬挂 ”，其过去分词形式为 hung；另一意思为“ 吊死 ”，其过去分词形式为 hanged。结合语境可知，床单挂在窗户上，应用被动语态。故D项为正确答案。 （四）词语搭配题 词语搭配类的题型与前两种题型相比来说较为简单，考查频率也相对较低，考查的内容虽然庞杂，但也较为固定，因此通过大量的背诵记忆便可以轻松应对，常见于连词的选择与使用，关联词搭配以及介词与动名词搭配等固定语法搭配的使用。 （1）仔细阅读题干，题干问到的问题主要涉及五个方面，分别为场景、内容、目的、讲话人或作者的身份、讲话人或作者的观点态度等。 （2）阅读短文，理解短文内容，判断短文的体裁和出处（是否属于广告、通知等，是否摘录自一篇演讲、一则招聘启事等），推测短文发生的场景（如机场广播通知、学校开学典礼等）。 （3）仔细阅读选项，结合短文内容，选出符合题干问题的正确答案。 【例】Leaving ones comfortable life is not easy. Ive learned this from my father, and I can say no matter whether the result is good or bad, it is doing. A.worthless B.worth C.value D.worthy 【解析】B。考查固定搭配。根据空后的 doing 可以判断出，前面的词在用法中一定要跟 doing 进行搭配。worthless 意为“无价值的 ”，后面不加 doing；worth 意为“值得 ”，be worth doing sth.为固定搭配；value 意为“价值 ”，常用 the value of（……的价值）；worthy意为“值得的”，常用搭配为 worthy of sth.故选 B。 解题步骤 从宏观角度出发，对于完形填空这类题目，可以参照以下方法和步骤进行做题。 一、沉着冷静，通读全文 因为完形填空与阅读不同，考查的具体内容都身处文中。因此，如果贸然进行做题，很有可能会在阅读或做题时听从惯性思维而想当然，从而忽略了文中铺设的陷阱，导致误解所填内容的含义。所以，在下笔答题之前，尽量在1分钟之内快速通读全文，了解文章大意，把握文章的关键词，掌握总体行文思路，辨别文章的陷阱。 二、知识运用，决胜考场 在了解全文之后，就要将全部的精力放在每一个空上了。解答每道考题时，都要进行详细分析，判断问题考查的是完形填空四类常见考题中的哪一类，然后结合相关技巧和知识，进行作答。分析问题时要紧密联系上下文，通过文段照应的方式猜测题意，在保障语义、语法等都正确的前提下进行选择。在遇到难度较大的空时，可以先行跳过，避免“钻牛角尖”而耽误时间。待其他空白处选择完毕之后，再结合前后段落或句子传达的信息进行选择。由于已经在做题之前进行了全文通读，所以在做题时，尽量将时间控制在6～8分钟。 三、复读文章，仔细检查 完形填空的最后一步便是检查。检查的范围不仅包括所填的选项，确认答案无误，检查陷阱是否规避等，还要检查自己所填选项与答案是否对应，因为在较大的压力和紧张的情绪下，考生易误将自己所要选择的选项写成其他选项。这个过程用时要限制在1分钟之内。 【真题练手】 （2024年江苏职教高考真题） The Rocky Mountains are the largest mountain system in North America. The Rocky Mountain Chain ____31____ for more than 4,800 km through the United States and Canada. Visitors to the Rockies enjoy sparkling lakes, snow-capped peaks and other spectacular scenery. The region ____32____ its ski resorts and wild game. Some American and Canadian national parks ____33____ there. Several rivers such as the Colorado, the Missouri, the Arkansas and others begin in the Rockies. Chief ranges of the Rockies ____34____ the Southern Rockies, the Middle Rockies, the Northern Rockies, the Canadian Rockies, the Selwyn and Mackenzie Mountains and the Brooks Range. Plant and Animal life: Forests of pines ____35____ the lower slopes of the Southern Rockies. In the higher areas of the Rockies, visitors will find firs, pines and spruces. Mountain goats, elk, bears, deer, mountain lions, squirrels and other animals are found living in the Rockies. The Rockies were ____36____ over 65 million years ago. The sides of the mountains contain fossils of animals which once lived in the sea ____37____ rocks existing in the hot interior of the earth. Many Indian tribes （部落） ____38____ there when Europeans first arrived in North America. The first Europeans reaching the Rockies were Spanish explorers, ____39____ established a colony near what is now Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1598. The Rockies made transportation ____40____ during the 1800s when explorers and settlers were moving westward. The first railroad route through them was built in the Wyoming Basin in 1868. Today, Interstate Highway 80 runs through the Wyoming Basin. 31. A. winds B. extends C. expands D. spreads 32. A. is famous for B. is infamous for C. is related to D. is connected to 33. A. can be built B. can be found C. can be organized D. can be recognized 34. A. include B. exclude C. involve D. combine 35. A. cover B. recover C. uncover D. discover 36. A. founded B. established C. constructed D. formed 37. A. as long as B. as far as C. as soon as D. as well as 38. A. are used to living B. used to live C. are used to live D. used to living 39. A. that B. whose C. who D. whom 40. A. convenient B. easy C. necessary D. difficult 【答案】31. B 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. A 36. D 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了落基山脉的地理位置、地形地貌、形成历史及动植物情况。 【31题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：落基山脉绵延4800多公里，贯穿美国和加拿大。A. winds弯曲前进，蜿蜒而行； B. extends 延伸；C. expands扩大，扩张；D. spreads传播，打开。根据“The Rocky Mountain Chain ... for more than 4,800 km through the United States and Canada”中的“through”可看出这里是在描述山脉延伸、贯穿两国的走势。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：该地区因滑雪胜地和野生动物而闻名。A. is famous for因……而闻名；B. is infamous for因……而臭名昭著；C. is related to与……联系；D. is connected to与……有关联。从“ski resorts （滑雪胜地）”可看出这一地区十分有名气。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：一些美国和加拿大的国家公园能在那里被找到。A. can be built能被建造；B. can be found能被找到；C. can be organized能被组织；D. can be recognized能被认出。本文是在介绍落基山脉的现状，国家公园已经存在，能被找到。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：落基山脉的主要山脉包括南落基山脉、中落基山脉、北落基山脉、加拿大落基山脉、塞尔温山脉和麦肯齐山脉以及布鲁克斯山脉。A. include包括（侧重涵盖内容或组成部分）；B. exclude不包括；C. involve牵涉，涉及（侧重相关人物或事件）；D. combine（使）结合，组合。此句在描述落基山脉主脉的构成，后面列举的是其构成部分。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：松树林覆盖于南落基山脉低坡之上。A. cover覆盖；B. recover恢复（健康，精神，体力）；C. uncover揭露，发现；D. discover发现，找到。根据松林与低坡两者的关系可知，前者覆盖在后者之上。故选A项。 【36题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：落基山脉形成于六千五百万年前。A.founded创办，成立（侧重人为创立）；B. established建立，设立（侧重人为建立）；C. constructed构造，建造（侧重人为建造）；D. formed 构成；使成形（可人为，可天然成形）。落基山脉是天然形成的。故选D项。 【37题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：山侧有曾经生活在海洋岩石中的动物的化石，还有存在于炎热的地球内部的岩石。A. as long as和……一样长；B. as far as直到，远到；C. as soon as一……就……；D. as well as以及，还有。此句在描述山侧岩层特征，动物化石和地球内部岩石都是其所含物质，是并列关系。故选D项。 【38题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当欧洲人首次到达北美时，那里曾生活着许多印第安部落。A. are used to living现在习惯生活；B. used to live曾经生活；C. are used to live被用来生活（词义不合理）；D. used to living（无此结构）。根据“arrived”的谓语时态可知，此句是在讲述过去的情况。故选B项。 【39题详解】 考查定从关系词辨析。句意：第一批到达落基山脉的欧洲人是西班牙探险家，他们于1598年在现在的新墨西哥州圣达菲附近建立了一个殖民地。A. that（限制性定从中用来指代人或事物）；B. whose（定从中作定语，指代人的或物的）；C. who（定从中作主语或宾语，用来指代人）；D. whom（定从中作宾语或表语，用来指代人）。分析句子可知，“________ established a colony near what is now Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1598.”是非限制性定从，修饰先行词“Spanish explorers”（人），且在非限制性定从中作主语。故选C项。 【40题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：19世纪探险者和移民西进之时，落基山脉使得交通运输十分艰难。A. convenient方便的，便利的；B. easy容易的，不费力的；C. necessary必要的，必需的；D. difficult困难的，费力的。根据“The first railroad route through them was built in the Wyoming Basin in 1868.”可知，首条铁路建造的时间比较晚，那时落基山脉路途艰险，使得交通运输极为不易。故选D项。 （2023年江苏职教高考真题） When I was five years old, my family lived in an old yellow house with a stream out back. On summer days, I used to play with a neighbor ____31____Marie, who was two years older and quite a caring person. When the rest of the kids were playing in the yard, she would take my hand and lead me down to the stream, where I could ____32____ on the bank. One day, I was sitting on the bank, moving my dirty toes in the soft warm mud, when Marie took something out of the pocket. It was a little boat, made of paper. “Papa made this for me,” she said ____33____. I stared at it and hoped that I had an equally fine object to show. Unfortunately, I had nothing in my pocket ____34____a small plastic truck with only three wheels. Marie placed her boat in the water and said, “See my boat drifting down the stream? After a while that little stream will turn ____35____ a bigger stream and it will go a little faster. Then the stream will keep getting bigger until finally it ____36____ a big river, and the boat will go faster, and then it will be out in the ocean.” Between the two of us, she was always the more ____37____ one. I remained silent while I processed how cool that would be and wondered ____38____ I had something that could do the same. “Have you ever seen the ocean, Willy?” Marie inquired gently. I looked down at my muddy toes and shook my head, ____39____ I had a different answer prepared. “At the ocean, water reaches as far as you can see, and its deep water, dark blue and green,” Marie explained. “Pretend that boat is a real boat, Willy. You and I could get in that boat and ____40____ all the way to the ocean.” She gazed out at the stream. 31. A. named B. titled C. viewed D. treated 32. A. lay B. lie C. live D. land 33. A. surprisingly B. strangely C. sadly D. proudly 34. A. but B. under C. with D. beside 35. A. out B. into C. off D. away 36. A. takes B. deepens C. leaves D. reaches 37. A. imagine B. imagining C. imagination D. imaginative 38. A. when B. how C. if D. though 39. A. thinking B. feeling C. wishing D. realizing 40. A. sail B. walk C. run D. fly 【答案】31. A 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. B 36. D 37. D 38. C 39. C 40. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和邻居小时候一起在小溪边玩耍的经历。 【31题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：夏天的时候，我常常和一个叫玛丽的邻居一起玩，她比我大两岁，是一个很有爱心的人。A. named名叫；B. titled加标题；C. viewed看；D. treated对待。根据“Marie”可知，此处是和一个叫玛丽的邻居一起玩。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：当其他孩子在院子里玩耍时，她会牵着我的手，带我到小溪边，我可以躺在河岸上。A. lay安放；B. lie 躺；C. live 居住；D. land着陆。根据句意可知，此处是躺在河岸上。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查副词辨析。句意：“这是爸爸为我做的，”她自豪地说。A. surprisingly 惊讶地；B. strangely 奇怪地；C. sadly 悲伤地；D. proudly自豪地。根据“I stared at it and hoped that I had an equally fine object to show. （我盯着它，希望能有一件同样精美的东西可以展示。）”可知，玛丽说话的时候是很自豪的，所以作者也希望能有可以展示的东西。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查介词辨析。句意：不幸的是，我口袋里什么也没有，只有一辆只有三个轮子的小塑料卡车。A. but 除了；B. under 在……下面；C. with和；D. beside在……旁边。have nothing but...“除了……，什么也没有”，固定搭配。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查介词辨析。句意：过了一会儿，那条小溪就会变成一条更大的溪流，而且流得更快一些。A. out出去；B. into进入；C. off 离开；D. away离开。根据句意可知，此处意为那条小溪就会变成一条更大的溪流，turn into“变成”。故选B。 【36题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：然后水流会越来越大，最后汇成一条大河，船就会走得更快，然后就到了大海里。A. takes拿；B. deepens加深；C. leaves 离开；D. reaches到达。根据句意可知，小溪最后变成了一条大河。故选D。 【37题详解】 考查词性辨析。句意：在我们两个人当中，她总是最有想象力的一个。A. imagine想象，动词；B. imagining想象，动名词；C. imagination想象，名词；D. imaginative想象的，形容词。根据“Between the two of us”及后面的代词“one”可知，此处讲的是作者和邻居之间，邻居是最有想象力的那一个，因此用形容词来修饰代词“one”。故选D。 【38题详解】 考查连词辨析。句意：我保持沉默，一边想着那会是多么酷，并想知道我是否有可以做同样事情的东西。A. when当……时候；B. how 怎样；C. if 是否；D. though虽然。根据“I remained silent while I processed how cool that would be and wondered...I had something that could do the same. （我保持沉默，一边想着那会是多么酷，并想知道我……有可以做同样事情的东西。）”可知，wonder后接宾语从句，从句完整且意为是否有同样的东西。故选C。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：我低头看着沾满泥的脚趾，摇摇头，希望我能准备一个不同的答案。A. thinking 认为；B. feeling 感觉；C. wishing希望；D. realizing实现。根据句意可知，作者希望能准备一个不同的答案。故选C。 【40题详解】 考查动词辨析。句意：你和我可以登上那条船，一路航行到大海。A. sail 航行；B. walk 走；C. run 跑；D. fly飞。根据“ocean”可知，此处是航行到大海。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 03完形填空 【考纲解读】 完形填空考查考生的语言综合应用与理解能力。在英语考试中，完形填空的文章篇幅一般在200～300词，包含10个小题，即10个空白。每空考查的内容基本围绕单词以及短语展开，要求考生在快速读懂、理解文章的行文思路和大意的基础上，结合上下文内容选择合适的单词或短语填入空白处。 完形填空所涉及的文章多以记叙文、说明文和议论文为主，主题包括人物故事和社会时事等。对于考生来说是结合语言基本知识、社会常识和阅读理解层面的难度较高的题目。结合最新真题的分析可知，完形填空大体可以分为四类题型，分别为词义辨析题、词语搭配题、语法结构题以及逻辑推理题。要求考生熟悉掌握常用词汇的意思以及相关搭配，并在此基础上提高阅读理解能力，把握主旨大意，做出正确的逻辑推断。 【考点精讲】 一、词义辨析题 1.题型特征 主要考查考生对基本词法及其相关结构的熟练度，常考词类多见于名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等实词以及连词和介词这样的虚词。 2.应试技巧 联系上下文，将空白处所在的句子进行翻译，通过判断所填选项是否通顺或符合题意来进行作答。 二、词语搭配题 1.题型特征 这一类型的题目往往稍加阅读便可知题意，然后结合题干，选择正确的词语、句子结构或语法搭配即可。常见于连词的选择与使用、关联词搭配以及介词与名词、动词的搭配等。 2.应试技巧 认真分析句子所缺内容，结合日常积累的基础知识，通过翻译空白处所在句来确定答案。 三、语法结构题 1.题型特征 涉及内容多为词句语法上的屈折变化以及语法上的固定搭配等。 2.应试技巧 细心阅读句子，观察、理解题目所在语境，找准时态、语态，精准分析句子中包含的语法现象或固定搭配。 四、逻辑推理题 1.题型特征 题目常出现在典型的语义标志后，通过联系上下文并结合语境信息，考查考生对特定语句的理解。 2.应试技巧 充分理解语境及语义，结合上下文，联系有关的语义标志进行选择。 （一）词义辨析题 辨析类型主要包括名词辨析、动词辨析、形容词辨析、副词辨析、介词辨析等。需要联系上下文，将空白处所在的句子进行翻译，然后再判断所填选项是否通顺或者符合题意。 1. 语义场法 语义场又称词汇场，是指归属于一个共同概念之下，意思上紧密相连的一组词的聚合体。在这个场中，每个词都有其特定的意义和位置，与其他词之间存在着相似性和差异性。完形填空有时会在语篇的语义场中设空，因此，识别不同的语义场以及形成语义场的词汇对于理解语篇、选出正确答案有很大帮助。 【例】Almost every Saturday morning, Molly pulls a table into her front yard. On the table she lays out some in season, such as carrots and tomatoes. A .fruits B.flowers C.leaves D.vegetables 2. 代入法 把给出的四个选项都代入空白处进行验证，看哪个选项最符合句义。 【例】Buffalo rushed toward Mouse and stepped on him . A ．quietly B ．heavily C ．beautifully D ．Patiently 3. 常识法 分析空白处所在句，利用常识解题。 【例】Once a chief (酋长) told a servant (仆人) to go to the market. “Bring me the best piece of meat that is sold in the market,” said the chief. The servant at once and ran to the market. A.replied B.cried C.escaped D.obeyed （二）逻辑推理题 逻辑推理题是英语完形填空题中的必考题型，具有非常强的规律性。重点考查在题目前 后意思基本表达完整的情况下，是否能准确把握上下文之间的逻辑关系的能力。所以，考生 需要根据已有的信息推断出句子之间的逻辑关系。 1. 常见逻辑类型及其逻辑关系词 · 并列关系：also, besides, along with, and, not only…but also…, either…or … , neither…nor … , similarly, in the same way, the same as, as well as, like, meanwhile 等； · 递进关系：above all, furthermore, what’s more, moreover, even等； · 转折关系：but, however, yet, while等； · 条件关系：if,unless, as/ so long as等； · 让步关系：although, though, while, even though, even if, in spite of, despite, regardless of 等； · 对比关系：while, whereas, unlike, contrary to, in contrast (to), rather than, on the contrary, by contrast, instead of, not…but…等； · 因果关系：because, now that, since, as, for, as a result of, so/ such that, as a result, therefore, thus, so 等。 2. 解题步骤 一读：阅读题干句子，仔细分析句子结构； 二判断：找逻辑关系词，判断句子的逻辑关系； 三选择：根据逻辑关系选择合适的答案。 【例】I’ve learned enough Chinese to carry out some tasks, such as booking train tickets and speaking with my landlord (房东). , a few complicated (复杂的) tasks, like visits to the bank and anything else that needs technical terms, are still hard for me. A.Therefore B.Besides C.However D.Then 语法结构题 语法结构是英语完形填空题中的必考题型，具有非常强的规律性。涉及内容多为词句语 法上的屈折变化以及语法上的固定搭配等。 1.高频语法结构 （1）定语从句 限制性定语从句： 先行词+引导词+不完整句 e.g. I know the girl that spoke to you just now. 非限制性定语从句： 主句 + ，+ 引导词 + 不完整句 引导词+不完整句+ , +主句 e.g. Jim changed his mind, which made me very angry. As is known to all, Beijing is the capital of China. 【例】SpaceX is a company builds rockets. A .who B.where C.whereas D.that （2）状语从句 主句+ 引导词 +完整陈述句 从属连词+ 完整陈述句, + 主句 e.g. When she came in, I was writing an essay. I was writing an essay, When she came in. 【例】No matter bad the weather is, the basic lives of the people must be fully safeguarded. A.however B.where C.why D.how （3）宾语从句 及物动词+引导词+句子 介词+引导词+句子 e.g. He told me that the moon moves round the earth. 他告诉我月球绕着地区转。 I will give this book to who wants to have it. 谁想要这本书，我就给谁。 【例】I remained silent while I processed how cool that would be and wondered I had something that could do the same. A.when B.how C.if D.though （4）非谓语动词 分词短语做状语：分词短语 + ，+ 主句 主句 + ，+ 分词短语 e.g. Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. 听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。 The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage. 大火持续了整整一夜，造成了巨大的损失。 分词短语作后置定语：被修饰词+分词短语 e.g. I miss the cakes made by my mom. 我怀念我妈妈做的蛋糕。 A man getting up as soon as the cock crows is a hardworking man. 鸡一打鸣就起床的人是一个勤奋的人。 动名词作宾语：介词 +动名词（短语） 及物动词 +动名词（短语） e.g. I always spend my spare time in reading. 我总是花业余时间阅读。 The teacher doesn’t permit running in the classroom. 老师不允许（学生）在教室里奔跑。 【例】I began to describe her room, including the old sheets on her window. A.hangs B.hanged C.hanging D.hung （四）词语搭配题 词语搭配类的题型与前两种题型相比来说较为简单，考查频率也相对较低，考查的内容虽然庞杂，但也较为固定，因此通过大量的背诵记忆便可以轻松应对，常见于连词的选择与使用，关联词搭配以及介词与动名词搭配等固定语法搭配的使用。 （1）仔细阅读题干，题干问到的问题主要涉及五个方面，分别为场景、内容、目的、讲话人或作者的身份、讲话人或作者的观点态度等。 （2）阅读短文，理解短文内容，判断短文的体裁和出处（是否属于广告、通知等，是否摘录自一篇演讲、一则招聘启事等），推测短文发生的场景（如机场广播通知、学校开学典礼等）。 （3）仔细阅读选项，结合短文内容，选出符合题干问题的正确答案。 【例】Leaving one’s comfortable life is not easy. I’ve learned this from my father, and I can say no matter whether the result is good or bad, it is doing. A.worthless B.worth C.value D.worthy 解题步骤 从宏观角度出发，对于完形填空这类题目，可以参照以下方法和步骤进行做题。 一、沉着冷静，通读全文 因为完形填空与阅读不同，考查的具体内容都身处文中。因此，如果贸然进行做题，很有可能会在阅读或做题时听从惯性思维而想当然，从而忽略了文中铺设的陷阱，导致误解所填内容的含义。所以，在下笔答题之前，尽量在1分钟之内快速通读全文，了解文章大意，把握文章的关键词，掌握总体行文思路，辨别文章的陷阱。 二、知识运用，决胜考场 在了解全文之后，就要将全部的精力放在每一个空上了。解答每道考题时，都要进行详细分析，判断问题考查的是完形填空四类常见考题中的哪一类，然后结合相关技巧和知识，进行作答。分析问题时要紧密联系上下文，通过文段照应的方式猜测题意，在保障语义、语法等都正确的前提下进行选择。在遇到难度较大的空时，可以先行跳过，避免“钻牛角尖”而耽误时间。待其他空白处选择完毕之后，再结合前后段落或句子传达的信息进行选择。由于已经在做题之前进行了全文通读，所以在做题时，尽量将时间控制在6～8分钟。 三、复读文章，仔细检查 完形填空的最后一步便是检查。检查的范围不仅包括所填的选项，确认答案无误，检查陷阱是否规避等，还要检查自己所填选项与答案是否对应，因为在较大的压力和紧张的情绪下，考生易误将自己所要选择的选项写成其他选项。这个过程用时要限制在1分钟之内。 【真题练手】 （2024年江苏职教高考真题） The Rocky Mountains are the largest mountain system in North America. The Rocky Mountain Chain ____31____ for more than 4,800 km through the United States and Canada. Visitors to the Rockies enjoy sparkling lakes, snow-capped peaks and other spectacular scenery. The region ____32____ its ski resorts and wild game. Some American and Canadian national parks ____33____ there. Several rivers such as the Colorado, the Missouri, the Arkansas and others begin in the Rockies. Chief ranges of the Rockies ____34____ the Southern Rockies, the Middle Rockies, the Northern Rockies, the Canadian Rockies, the Selwyn and Mackenzie Mountains and the Brooks Range. Plant and Animal life: Forests of pines ____35____ the lower slopes of the Southern Rockies. In the higher areas of the Rockies, visitors will find firs, pines and spruces. Mountain goats, elk, bears, deer, mountain lions, squirrels and other animals are found living in the Rockies. The Rockies were ____36____ over 65 million years ago. The sides of the mountains contain fossils of animals which once lived in the sea ____37____ rocks existing in the hot interior of the earth. Many Indian tribes (部落) ____38____ there when Europeans first arrived in North America. The first Europeans reaching the Rockies were Spanish explorers, ____39____ established a colony near what is now Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1598. The Rockies made transportation ____40____ during the 1800’s when explorers and settlers were moving westward. The first railroad route through them was built in the Wyoming Basin in 1868. Today, Interstate Highway 80 runs through the Wyoming Basin. 31. A. winds B. extends C. expands D. spreads 32. A. is famous for B. is infamous for C. is related to D. is connected to 33. A. can be built B. can be found C. can be organized D. can be recognized 34. A. include B. exclude C. involve D. combine 35. A. cover B. recover C. uncover D. discover 36. A. founded B. established C. constructed D. formed 37. A. as long as B. as far as C. as soon as D. as well as 38. A. are used to living B. used to live C. are used to live D. used to living 39. A. that B. whose C. who D. whom 40. A. convenient B. easy C. necessary D. difficult （2023年江苏职教高考真题） When I was five years old, my family lived in an old yellow house with a stream out back. On summer days, I used to play with a neighbor ____31____Marie, who was two years older and quite a caring person. When the rest of the kids were playing in the yard, she would take my hand and lead me down to the stream, where I could ____32____ on the bank. One day, I was sitting on the bank, moving my dirty toes in the soft warm mud, when Marie took something out of the pocket. It was a little boat, made of paper. “Papa made this for me,” she said ____33____. I stared at it and hoped that I had an equally fine object to show. Unfortunately, I had nothing in my pocket ____34____a small plastic truck with only three wheels. Marie placed her boat in the water and said, “See my boat drifting down the stream? After a while that little stream will turn ____35____ a bigger stream and it will go a little faster. Then the stream will keep getting bigger until finally it ____36____ a big river, and the boat will go faster, and then it will be out in the ocean.” Between the two of us, she was always the more ____37____ one. I remained silent while I processed how cool that would be and wondered ____38____ I had something that could do the same. “Have you ever seen the ocean, Willy?” Marie inquired gently. I looked down at my muddy toes and shook my head, ____39____ I had a different answer prepared. “At the ocean, water reaches as far as you can see, and it’s deep water, dark blue and green,” Marie explained. “Pretend that boat is a real boat, Willy. You and I could get in that boat and ____40____ all the way to the ocean.” She gazed out at the stream. 31. A. named B. titled C. viewed D. treated 32. A. lay B. lie C. live D. land 33. A. surprisingly B. strangely C. sadly D. proudly 34. A. but B. under C. with D. beside 35. A. out B. into C. off D. away 36. A. takes B. deepens C. leaves D. reaches 37. A. imagine B. imagining C. imagination D. imaginative 38. A. when B. how C. if D. though 39. A. thinking B. feeling C. wishing D. realizing 40. A. sail B. walk C. run D. fly 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$