职教高考英语专题复习（二）---代 词

职教高考专题复习（2）---代 词 知识链接 用来代替名词、名词短语和句子的词叫做代词。在同一环境中，当人名或其他一些名词第二次使用时，通常要用代词进行替代，目的是为了避免语言的重复。 代词按照其意义、特征和句法功能，可分为8类：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词。 (一)人称代词 数 单数 复数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 格 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us you them 翻译 我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们 代替人和事物名称的词叫做人称代词。人称代词根据用法不同有人称、数和格的变化。具体变化如下表： 1.人称代词在句子中作主语时要用主格形式，作动词宾语和介词宾语时要用宾格形式。 如: I(主格) am a nurse. You(主格) are a doc-tor.我是一名护士，你是一名医生。 Please tell me(宾格) where she(主格)hasgone.请告诉我她去哪里了。 I(主格) heard him(宾格) comingwiththem(宾格).我听说他和他们一起来。 2.人称代词的排列顺序 (1)单数人称代词并列作主语时，顺序通常是第二人称→第三人称→第一人称。 如： You, she and I will take part in the partyonSunday.你、我和她将参加星期天的聚会。 (2)复数人称代词并列作主语时，顺序为：第一人称→第二人称→第三人称。如： We, you and they are in the same class.我们、你们和他们在同一个班级。 (二)物主代词 说明事物所属关系的代词叫做物主代词。物主代词是人称代词的所有格，表示所属，同时有指代作用。物主代词有两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 数 单数 复数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 翻译 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的 1.形容词性物主代词属于限定词，具有形容词的性质，相当于“名词+'s”，在句子中只能作定语。如： Jack's English is so poor, but his French is quite good. 杰克的英语很差劲，但法语却很好。 2.名词性物主代词具有名词的性质，在句子中可以作主语、表语和宾语，相当于“形容词性物主代词+前面提到的名词”。如: This is not my shirt. Mine is white.(Mine= My shirt)这不是我的衬衫,我的是白色的。 Our room is bigger than theirs.(theirs=their room)我们的房间比他们的大。 3.名词性物主代词还可以用在“of+名词性物主代词”的双重所有格结构中，表示“其中之一” 。 如: A friend of mine is coming here soon. 我的一个朋友马上就要来了。 【注意】 物主代词前不能再加冠词a(an)、 the或 this、that、some等词。 (三)反身代词 表示某人自己的代词叫做反身代词。反身代词由第一人称和第二人称的形容词性物主代词以及人称代词的第三人称宾格后面加- self(单数)或者-selves(复数)构成。 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 数 单数 myself yourself himself herself itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 1.表示某人自己时，反身代词可以作宾语和表语。如： I saw myself in the mirror. 我在镜子里看见了自己。 He'll be himself again soon. 他一会儿就好了。 2.反身代词不能单独作主语，但可以放在名词和代词(主格)之后或句尾作同位语，表示强调。 如: I myself can make it.我自己能搞定。 Lily cooked supper herself. 莉莉自己做晚饭。 3.反身代词常用于某些习惯用语或固定结构中。如： by oneself 独自 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 teach oneself 自学 help oneself to 随意吃/用 introduce oneself 介绍自己 dress oneself 穿衣服 第一部分 语法讲解与归纳 (四)指示代词 用来指示或标识人或事物的代词叫做指示代词。它们所指代的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语言环境。常见的指示代词有： 近 远 单数 this(这个) that(那个) 复数 these(这些) those(那些) 1.指示代词在句子中通常作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如： This is a good dictionary. 这是一部好词典。(作主语) I like this better than that. 跟那个相比，我更喜欢这个。(作宾语) My idea is this. 我的观点就是这样。(作表语) Those pictures are beautiful. 那些图片很漂亮。(作定语) 2. this 和 these 表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物。this 指代单数名词, these 指代复数名词。如： This is an old desk.这是一张旧书桌。 These are my classmates. 这些是我的同班同学。 3. that 和 those 表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物，that 指代单数名词，those指代复数名词。如： That is Lily's book.那是莉莉的书。 Those are some old photos. 那是一些旧照片。 4. that 和 those 还可以指前文提到的事物，也可用于比较当中指代前文提到过的比较对象。 如: I was ill, that's why I missed the meeting. 我病了，那就是为什么我没参加会议的原因。 The weather in Beijing is different from that (五)相互代词 相互代词就是表示相互关系的代词，即谓语动词所表示的动作在二者之间相互作用或状态共存于二者之间。在英语中，相互代词只有两组:each other 和 one another。在运用中,这两组词没有大的区别，都可以加's表示所有格。 相互代词在句子中可以作宾语和定语。如： We can help each other. 我们可以互相帮助。(作宾语) They are pleased with one another. 他们彼此很满意。(作宾语) The girls often borrow each other's / one another's books. 女孩们经常互相借书。(作定语) (六)不定代词 不明确指代某个特定名词的词叫做不定代词。不定代词通常表示不确定的人、事物或模糊的数量。不定代词在句子中作主语、表语和宾语。 常用的不定代词有： some, somebody, someone, something, any, anybod-y, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, every-thing, nobody, nothing many, much, several, few,a few, little,a little one, both, all, neither, none, each, either,another, other 1. some 和 any (1)相同点：二者都可以代替可数名词与不可数名词，在句子中作主语或宾语。 (2)不同点：some意为“一些，某些”，多用在肯定句中，也可用于表示建议、请求或希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句。如： I found some in this box. 我在盒子里找到一些。 Would you like some coffee? 喝点咖啡吗? any“一些，任何”，多用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。any用在肯定句中时，表示“任何” 。如: I don't know any of them. 我对他们一个也不认识。 Do you have any good ideas? 你有什么好主意吗? If you have any, give some to me. 如果你有，就给我一些。 You can go there any time. 你任何时候都可以去那里。 (3) some 类 的 不定 代 词 ( something、somebody、someone)和any类的不定代词(an-ything、anybody、anyone)用法与 some、any 类似, 即some类的不定代词一般用于肯定句及希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中，any类的不定代词一般用于否定句和疑问句。 (4) something、anything、nothing 等不定代词被形容词修饰时，该形容词要放在这类不定代词的后面。如： I want to drink something cold. 我想喝点凉的东西。 The doctor said there was nothing wrong with me.医生说我没有什么毛病。 (5)复合不定代词 something、anybody、everyone 等作主语时作单数看。 Everything seems all right. 一切似乎都很好。 2. few、 a few 和 little、 a little few 和 a few用于指代或修饰复数可数名词，little 和 a little 用于指代或修饰不可数名词。few意为“很少,几乎没有”,a few 意为“一些,几个”,little 意为“很少,几乎没有”,alittle 意为“一点儿，少量”。他们的用法如下： 表肯定义 表否定义 指代或修饰可数名词 a few few 指代或修饰不可数名词 a little little I have a few photos about it. 我有几张关于它的照片。 Few of the goods are cheap now. 现在没有什么商品是便宜的。 There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。 I know little about her.我对她一无所知。 3. many 和 much (1)many指代或修饰上下文提到的可数名词复数。如： Many of us do not realize that. 我们中很多人没有意识到这一点。 She played many compositions for me. 她为我演奏了许多作品。 Do you know many people in Jinan? 你在济南认识很多人吗? (2)much代指或修饰上下文提到的不可数名词。如： Much of the environment was polluted recently.很多环境最近被污染了。 He doesn't eat much.他吃得不多。 We have much advice to give him. 我们有许多建议要给他。 4. both 和 all (1)相同点: 1) both 和 all都可以作主语。如: All (of us) like fruits. (我们)所有人都喜欢水果。 Both (of them) are my friends. (他们)两个人都是我的朋友。 2)二者都可以作同位语。但作主语的同位语时，二者在行为动词之前，be 动词之后。 如: I know them all(或 both). 他们(或：俩)我都认识。 They all(或 both) agreed with me. 他们(或：俩)都同意我的看法。 They are all (或 both) quite healthy. 他们(或：俩)都很健康。 (2)不同点: 1) both 指两者, 与复数名词连用, 但both... and...可以与单数名词连用。 2)all指三者或三者以上，谓语动词的单、复数由它所指代或修饰的名词的单复数决定。 如： All goes well.一切进展得很好。 All students are here. 所有的学生都在这儿。 3)all通常不与可数名词的单数连用，但下列固定短语除外： all day(整天), all night(整夜), all theyear(全年), all China(全中国), all the city(整个城市), allmy life(一辈子,一生), all theway(一直)等。 5. anyone 和 any one anyone 仅指人, any one 既可指人,也可指物。 如: Is anyone there? 有人吗? Any one of us may be chosen. 我们中的任何一个都有可能被选中。 Choose any one you like.你任选一个。 6. none 和 no one none“没有人，一个也没有，没有任何东西”，强调数量上的没有，既可指人也可指物；可用于回答 how many 提出的问题。 no one“没有人”，仅用于指人。可用于回答 who 提出的问题。 none后面可接. of+名词构成短语，谓语动词用单数。但是 no one 不可与 of连用。如: I wanted some milk but there was none in the house. 我需要一些牛奶，可家里一点儿也没有。 None of them has come back. 他们谁也没有回来。 No one told us that he was there. 没有人告诉我们他在那儿。 7.表两者之中进行选择的时候，可用 ei-ther(两者中的任何一个), neither(两者都不),both(两者都)。 (1)当either、neither 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式；both 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如:专项英语 Either of the books is OK. 两本书中任何一本都可以。 Neither of us wants to go. 我们俩都不想去。 Both of you are right.你们两个人都对。 (2) neither可用于表否定的倒装结构，避免重复。如: He can't dance, neither can she. 他不会跳舞，她也不会。 If you don't go there, neither will I. 如果你不去那里，我也不去。 (3) either 可以放在否定句句末,表示也。 如:I can't play basketball, either. 我也不会打篮球。 (4) neither... nor... , either... or... 短语作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数采用就近原则。 如: Neither I nor she knows it. 我和她都不知道此事。 Either he or they are right. 不是他对了就是他们对了。 8. other、 another、 the other、 others的用法 (1) other 为形容词,意为“其他的”,用于修饰名词(既可在数词前，也可在数词后)，后面常跟可数名词复数。如： China is larger than any other country inAisa. 【注意】 在比较级中 any other后跟可数名词单数。 (2) the other 意为另一个,特指两者中的另一个，另一个表“一定范围内的两个人或物” 时,一个用one,另一个用 the other。 (3) another 也可表另一个,表泛指,用于三者及以上当中的一个另一个时用 another。另外，another可以表示“再一个” 。如: —Have you had a drink? 你喝了一杯了吗? ——Yes. But I still want another. 是的，不过我还想再喝一杯。 (4)表“一定范围内，除去一部分人或物，剩余的全部”时,要用 the others=the other+名词。 如: There are 40 students in my class. Fif-teen are girls, the others are boys=(the other students). 我们班级中有40名学生。15个是女生，其他的是男生。 (5)当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分不是全部时，要用 others；泛指其他人或物时，也用others。如: I get on well with others. 我和其他人相处得很好。 9. one、 that、 it的用法 为了避免重复，这几个词常用来指代前文提到过的事物，区别在于： (1)one 通常为泛指，指代前文提到过的事物的同类。复数形式为 ones。如： My car is always breaking down. But I'mgettinga new one soon.我的车老是出故障,不过我很快就会有一辆新的了。 Do you think small oranges are sweeter than big ones? 你认为小橙子比大橙子甜吗? (2)that为特指，常用于比较，指代前文提到过的比较对象。复数形式为 those。如： The environment in our city is betterthan that10 years ago.我们城市的环境比十年前的(环境)更好了。 (3)it为特指，可指代前文提到过的事物或不知姓别的人，时间，天气，距离温度等。 如： ①I left my pen here. Have you seen it? 我把我的笔落在这了，你看见它了吗? ②时间:It's 5:00. ③天气:It's raining. 代词it的用法 (1)指代前面已经提到的事物。如： ——Where is my English book? 我的英语书在哪儿? ——It's on the desk. 在桌子上。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 (2)指代性别不明的人或动物。如： It's a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 宝宝真可爱。是男孩还是女孩? —Who is it? 谁? —It's me.是我。 (3)指代天气、时间、距离等。如： It's a fine day.天气很好。 It's 7 o'clock now.现在 7 点了。 It is about two kilometers from my hometomy school.从我家到学校大约有两公里。 (4)常作形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语或宾语通常是后面的不定式结构、动名词或 that 从句等。如: It is a good habit to drink a glass of water after you get up in the morning. 早晨起床后喝一杯水是个好习惯。 I think it easy to answer this question. 我认为回答这个问题很容易。 It's no use sending him over. 派他过去没用。 It's a pity that you can't come to my birthday party. 很遗憾你不能来参加我的生日聚会。 (七)疑问代词 常用的疑问代词有“who, whom,whose, what, which”等,通常用来构成特殊疑问句，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。 指人 指物 指人或物 who whom whose what which 谁(主格) 谁(宾格) 谁的 什么 哪个或哪些 疑问代词作主语时，句子的谓语动词要根据疑问代词所指代的人或物是单数还是复数来确定。如: Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门? I know whom she is looking for. 我知道她在找谁。 Whose coat is this? 这是谁的外套? What was the plan you made yesterday? 你昨天制定的计划是什么? Which movie do you like best? 你最喜欢哪部电影? 【注意】 who 是主格, whom 是宾格,在书面语中，whom 作动词或介词的宾语；在口语中, 可以用 who 代替 whom, 但在介词后只能用 whom。如: Who (whom) did you know in the school? 你在学校认识了谁?(作动词宾语) Who (whom) are you talking with? 你在和谁说话?(作介词宾语，在句首) To whom did you speak in the park? 你在公园里和谁说话了?(作介词宾语，在介词后，不能用 who替代) (八)关系代词 用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词。关系 代 词 有 who、whom、whose、which 和that，代表先行词，同时在定语从句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。如： The girl who came this morning isTom'ssister.今天早上来的那个女孩是汤姆的妹妹。(作主语) The boy with whom I talk is my brother. 跟我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。(作介词宾语) This is my English teacher whose name isWang Wei. 这是我的英语老师，他叫王伟。(作定语) The car which is made in China isverybeautiful.中国制造的那辆汽车非常漂亮。(作主语) 【注意】 关系代词 that在从句中作宾语时一般可以省略。如： I've forgotten much of the knowledge(that)I 1.(2022·春考真题) This pen doesn't work. Can you give me one? A. other B. others C. another D. the others 2.(2022·春考真题) The first two services are free, the third costs $15. A. neither B. or C. while D. either 3.(2021·春考真题)—Amy, is this Jenny’ s bike? —Let me see. Oh, no. is red. A. She B. Hers C. Her D. Herself 4.—Jerry, is that boy with glasses new classmates? —Yes. Let's say hello to . A. our;heB.us;him C. ours;his D. our;him 5.—Oh,I forget to bring umbrella. —I've got one. You can share . A. my;mine B. mine;ours C. mine;your D. my;ours 6. Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I can't wait to see . A. her B. him C. it D. them 7. Frank is a friend of . He is a scientist from Canada. A. my B. I C. me D. mine 8.—You look pale today, Madam! What's the matter with you? — serious. Just a cold. A. Something B. Anything C. Nothing D. Everything 9. Learning is a lifelong journey because we can learn every day. A. nothing new B. new something C. something new D. new nothing 10. We all think quite necessary to stop school bullying(校园欺凌). A. it B. her C. that D. this 11. I have two sisters. of them are doctors. A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither 12. Welcome you all to Qingdao and enjoy here. A. you B. your C. yourselves D. yours 13.—Excuse me,I want some books, but I can't find a bookstore here. —I know on my way home. Come with me, please. A. one B. this C. it D. that 14.—May I help you with some jeans, sir? —Yes,I'd like to try on the blue . A. one B. pair C. two D. ones 15. Listen! is singing next door. A. Nobody B. Anybody C. Somebody D. Everybody 16. Give the pencil. It's not , Bill. A. him;yourB.me;her C. her;yours D. he;mine 17.—Would you like ? —Yes, some bread, please. A. something eating B. anything to eat C. anything to eat D. something to eat T8. I have a lovely pet cat. name isKitty. A. It B. This C. Its D. She 【巩固提升】 一、单项选择 1.—Is the red shirt? —No, is blue. A. your;my shirt B. Tom's;hers C. his;him D. yours;mine 2. I don’ t like this pair of black shoes. Can you show me pair? A. some B. any C. other D. another 3.--Which T-shirt would you prefer, the black one or the red one? — I'll take to have a change sometimes. A. neither B. none C. either D. both 4. I don't think possible to learn a foreign language well without much practice. A. this B. that C. its D. it 5.—You look sad, Kate. What's up? —I have made mistakes in my maths test. A a little B. little C. a few D. Few 6.——Someone is knocking at the door. Go and see who is , honey. —OK, mum. A. he B. That C. she D. it 7.—I’ d like some more milk. ——Sorry, there's left. A. some B. none C. no one D. few 8. Playing basketball requires to spend much time practising. It is good for our health, too. A.ours B.us C. we D. ourselves. 9.—Jeff, is this your notebook? ——No, it's not . Maybe it's · A. my;Mary's B. mine;Mary's C.me;Mary's D. mine;Mary 10.—Is that girl Ann? —No, isn't. name isMary. A. it;Her B. he;His C. she;His D. she;Her 11. There wrong with my radio. Iwi ll have it repaired tomorrow. A. is something B. are something C. are nothing D. is nothing 12. I'm not busy now. I have to do . A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything 13. of his parents is a doctor. His mother is a teacher,and his father is a driver. A. each B. all C. both D. neither 14. All the students are doing cleaning. Some are cleaning the windows, are sweeping the floor. A. the other B. other C. others D. the others 15. Our mother earth gives us we need. A. nobody B. nothing C. everybody D. everything 二、补全对话 A:Hi, Peter. We haven't seen for several days. How's 1 .going? B:Not bad. What about you, Eric? A:Pretty good! Are you free this Sunday afternoon? B:Yes,I am. What's up? A:There is going to be a basketball match in our school. 2. you like to watch it? B:Yes, of course. But 3 . team is our school going to play against? A:The team from No.2 Middle School. B:Really? I think our team is very strong. Perhaps we will win the match. A:But I hear that their team is strong, too. B:I'm sure it 4 . be a wonderful match. A:I think so.5 . shall we meet? B:Let's meet in the playground at 3:00p.m. . A:OK. See you then. B:See you. $$