2024年一轮复习中职英语语法专项知识导学案：主谓一致

语法专项知识清单：主谓一致 主谓一致：句子的谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。即谓随主变。英语句子中都必须遵循。 主谓一致三个原则：语法一致原则；意义一致原则；就近一致原则 一、语法一致原则：主语和谓语在语法形式上取得一致，即谓语的单复数由主语形式决定。 1. 单个从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时，视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 Going swimming on Sunday _____ one of his habits.(be) To run faster ______(need) more practice. ★注意：what 引导的主语从句，谓语形式由后面表语单复数而定。 eg.What they need ____ time.(be) What they need ____ books.(be) 2. 当主语是不定代词each，either，neither及no-，any-，some-，every-构成的复合不定代词，谓语动词用单数。 eg.Somebody _____ waiting for you at the gate.(be) Either of the shirts_____ me very well.(fit) ★注意：none 做主语，表可数名词复数，谓语动词单复数均可 None of the students___________ the answer.没有学生知道答案。 3. many a/an或more than one +名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 eg. Many a man _____not understand Mike’s idea.(do) More than one student ______passed the exam.(have) ★注意：more+可数名词复数+than one做主语,谓语动词用复数 More members than one______ against the idea. VS →More than one member ______ against the idea.(be) 4.由and 或者both...and...连接的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。 eg.Reading and writing _____very important.（be) Both his mother and his father_____ gone there.(have) ★注意①:当主语由and连接时，如它表示同一人或物时，谓语用单数。 eg.The singer and dancer is from Hebei. 这位歌手兼舞蹈家来自于河北。（表示同一人或物时,只有一个冠词。） VS→The singer and the dancer are from Hebei.这位歌手和这位舞蹈家都来自于河北。 The girl and winner （is，are) jumping with joy. 那位获胜的女孩正高兴地跳着。 A math teacher and a Chinese teacher( is,are )in the room.房间里有一位数学老师和语文老师。 ★注意②: and 连接两并列主语，若前面有each, every, many a, no 修饰时，谓语动词用单数 eg.Every man and every woman _____(be) busy with working now.每个人都在忙着工作。 Many a boy and many a girl _____(have) seen it.许多男孩和女孩已经看见它了。 5.成双成对出现的复数名词(shoes,glasses,gloves,pants, trousers, scissors等) 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果前面有… pair/pairs of; … suit/suits of 等表示量的词语时，谓语动词单复数取决于量词单复数。 eg.His shoes are under the desk. The pair of shoes_____under the desk.(be) Three pairs of shoes_____under the desk. 6.主语后插入了短语时，谓语不受他们干扰， 仍由主语决定。 (with， along with，together with， as well as，like， including，except，besides，no less than,more than,rather than等) eg. I , along with my sister, ___