专题9 非谓语动词三大要点归纳(讲义)-黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)

2025-06-03
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学段 中职
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 -
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 词法知识,句法知识
使用场景 中职复习-一轮复习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 黑龙江省
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 3.67 MB
发布时间 2025-06-03
更新时间 2025-06-13
作者 xxyy134
品牌系列 上好课·一轮讲练测
审核时间 2025-06-03
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来源 学科网

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编写说明:黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》(2020年版)及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第9个专题,内容为非谓语动词。 黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题9 非谓语动词(讲+练)【考点解读】 近三年真题显示,非谓语动词的考点主要集中在非谓语动词的运用,尤其是现在分词和固定搭配。 当句子已有谓语动词,其他动词需以非谓语形式呈现。如 “Having finished their work, they went to have lunch”,“Having finished” 作为现在分词的完成式,充当时间状语,凸显 “完成工作” 先于 “去吃午饭”,体现动作的先后顺序。“The woman wearing a blue dress was a nurse” 与 “The girl giving the speech was full of confidence” 里,“wearing a blue dress” 和 “giving the speech” 均作后置定语,因 “woman” 与 “wear”、“girl” 与 “give” 为主动关系,生动展现现在分词表主动和进行的特性。 固定搭配也是重要考查点,“tell sb. not to do sth.”“avoid doing sth.”“enjoy doing sth.”“make sb. do sth.”“stop doing sth.” 等搭配频繁出现,需牢记其结构与用法。词义辨析则要求依据语境精准选择词汇,像 “To protect nature is to help ourselves, or we'll be punished” 中,“protect” 贴合 “保护自然” 的语境。只有熟练掌握这些核心考点,才能在英语学习与考试中应对自如。 非谓语动词综述 非谓语动词是英语语法中至关重要的难点与高频考点,指在句子中不能直接作谓语的动词形式,不受主语人称和时态限制,但保留动词的部分特征(如可带宾语、状语等)。其本质是将动词 “降级” 为句子的其他成分(如主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等),从而丰富句子结构。 一、非谓语动词的三大基本类型 非谓语动词包含三种形式:不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)、分词(现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done)。三者的核心区别如下: 类型 语法功能 逻辑关系 时间特征 不定式(to do) 多作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语,表具体的、未发生的动作。 主动(逻辑主语通常是动作执行者) 将来或一次性动作 动名词(doing) 作主语、宾语、表语、定语,将动作名词化,表习惯性、抽象的动作。 主动 与谓语动作同时或已发生 现在分词(doing) 作定语、状语、补语,表主动或进行中的动作。 主动 与谓语动作同时发生 过去分词(done) 作定语、状语、补语,表被动或完成的动作。 被动 二、非谓语动词的否定形式 通常是在其前面加not,如not to do, not doing, not having done等。 三、非谓语动词的复合结构 不定式的复合结构:for/of sb. to do sth.,当形容词表示人的品质、性格等时用of,其他情况用for。 动名词的复合结构:sb.’s/sb. doing sth.,在句中作主语时用sb.’s形式,作宾语时两种形式都可以。 【知识点清单一】动词不定式: 1.基本形式:to do(有时可省略to)。否定式,not to do(to前加not) 形式 意义 例句对比 一般式(to do) 尚未发生或一般性动作 I hope to visit you tomorrow. 进行式(to be doing) 正在进行的动作 He seems to be writing a letter. 完成式(to have done) 先于谓语动词的动作 She forgot to have locked the door. 完成进行式(to have been doing) 持续到谓语时间的动作 He pretends to have been studying. 2.语法功能:可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。 例如,“To see is to believe.”中“To see”作主语,“to believe”作表语。 用法 形式 举例 作主语 常用形式:It + be + 形容词 / 名词 + to do(it 作形式主语)。 It is important to learn a foreign language.学外语很重要。 To learn a foreign language is important.学习一门外语很重要。 作宾语 接不定式作宾语的动词:want, hope, decide, plan, afford, refuse 等。 She decided to travel alone.(她决定独自旅行。) 作宾语补足语 动词 + 宾语 + to do(部分使役动词和感官动词后省略如 let, make, have 和see,heart,watch后省略 to)。 The teacher told us to finish homework.老师让我们完成作业。 He made me laugh.(他让我笑了。)(省略 to) 作定语 位于被修饰词后,表将来的动作。 I have a meeting to attend tomorrow.我明天有个会要参加。 3.常接不定式(to do)作宾语的动词总结。 1) 类别 动词举例 例句 想要 / 打算类 want想要、wish希望、hope希望、plan计划、intend打算 I want to learn a new language. 我想学习一门新语言。 拒绝 / 决定类 refuse拒绝、decide决定、determine决心、 choose选择 She decided to travel alone. 她决定独自旅行。 请求 / 要求类 ask请求、beg乞求、demand要求、 request请求 He asked to speak to the manager. 他请求和经理谈话。 努力 / 企图类 try努力、attempt企图、strive力争 They strive to finish the project on time. 他们力争按时完成项目。 同意 / 承诺类 agree同意、promise承诺、undertake承担 He promised to call me every day. 他承诺每天给我打电话。 假装 / 倾向类 pretend假装、tend倾向、hesitate犹豫 She pretended to be asleep when I entered.我进来时她假装睡觉。 学习 / 准备类 learn学习、prepare准备 I need to prepare to take the exam. 我需要准备参加考试。 其他高频动词 afford负担得起、fail失败、happen碰巧、 manage设法做成 We can't afford to buy a new car. 我们买不起新车。 2)助记口诀: 想要拒绝忘记(想 / 要 / 拒 / 绝 / 忘),需要努力学习(需 / 要 / 努 / 力 / 学), 喜欢同意帮助(喜 / 欢 / 同 / 意 / 帮),希望决定开始(希 / 望 / 决 / 定 / 开 / 始)。 口诀拆解与对应动词: 想要拒绝忘记 想:want想要、wish希望 要:ask要求、beg乞求 拒:refuse拒绝 绝:decide(决定)、determine(决心) 忘:forget(忘记)(注:forget 接 to do 表示 “忘记去做某事”,接 doing 表示 “忘记做过某事”) 需要努力学习 需:need(需要) 要:require(要求)(常用被动结构 be required to do) 努:attempt(企图)、strive(力争) 力:manage(设法做成) 学:learn(学习)、plan(计划) 喜欢同意帮助 喜:like(喜欢)(可接 to do 或 doing,意义区别不大) 欢:love(爱)、prefer(更喜欢)(prefer to do sth.) 同:agree(同意) 意:intend(打算) 帮:help(帮助)(可接 to do,to 可省略) 希望决定开始 希:hope(希望) 望:expect(期望) 决:decide(决定) 定:determine(决心) 开:begin(开始)(可接 to do 或 doing) 始:start(开始)(可接 to do 或 doing) 3)例句强化记忆 He wishes to become a doctor.(他希望成为医生。)——想要类 She refused to accept the gift.(她拒绝接受礼物。)——拒绝类 They planned to visit the museum.(他们计划参观博物馆。)——计划类 I managed to solve the problem.(我设法解决了问题。)——努力类 He agreed to lend me his bike.(他同意把自行车借给我。)——同意类 4.可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词总结 1)常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词分类及例句 动词类别 动词 表示 “命令、要求” tell(告诉):My mother told me to stay away from danger. order(命令):The officer ordered soldiers to march forward. require(要求):The company requires employees to wear uniforms. ask(要求):The teacher asked us to finish homework on time. 表示 “允许、禁止” allow(允许):Parents don’t allow children to play with fire. permit(允许):The manager permitted him to take a day off. forbid(禁止):The sign forbids people to smoke here. 表示 “邀请、建议” invite(邀请):She invited me to her birthday party. advise(建议):The doctor advised him to exercise regularly. encourage(鼓励):Teachers encourage students to think independently. 表示 “请求、警告” request(请求):He requested us to keep the secret. warn(警告):The teacher warned us not to copy others’ answers. remind(提醒):Please remind me to take medicine after meals. 表示 “使役、感官” 的特殊动词(可接不带 to 的不定式或现在分词) 使役动词 let(让):Let me help you.(省略 to) make(使):The boss made them work overtime.(省略 to) have(使):I’ll have my brother fix the bike.(省略 to) 感官动词 see/watch/hear/notice/feel: I saw him enter the room.(强调动作全过程,省略 to) I saw him entering the room.(强调动作正在进行) 2)口诀助记 口诀:请允许命令,邀请建议劝;请求警告告,使役感官看。 (注:前半部分对应带 to 的动词,后半部分注意使役和感官动词的特殊用法) 口诀解析: 口诀 单词 请允许命令 请(ask/request)、允许(allow/permit)、命令(order/tell)→ 接带 to 的不定式。 邀请建议劝 邀请(invite)、建议(advise/suggest)、劝(encourage)→ 接带 to 的不定式。 请求警告告 请求(request)、警告(warn)、告(remind/tell)→ 接带 to 的不定式。 使役感官看 使役动词(let/make/have)→ 接不带 to 的不定式(被动语态需还原 to,如:be made to do)。 感官动词(see/watch 等)→ 可接不带 to 的不定式(表全过程)或现在分词(表进行)。 3)易混点提醒 易混点 注意 使役动词的被动语态 主动语态:He made me cry.(省略 to) 被动语态:I was made to cry by him.(需还原 to) 感官动词的两种结构 see sb. do sth.(看见某人做了某事,全过程) see sb. doing sth.(看见某人正在做某事,进行中) 【即时训练】 一、基础选择题 1.She wants ______ (to buy / buying) a new dress. 2.They agreed ______ (to meet / meeting) at the park. 3.I hope ______ (to see / seeing) you soon. 4.He seems ______ (to be / being) happy today. 5.We decided ______ (not to go / to not go) to the party. 6.She asked me ______ (to help / helping) her. 7.The teacher told us ______ (to read / reading) the book. 8.I need ______ (to finish / finishing) this work by Friday. 9.They offered ______ (to drive / driving) us home. 10.He pretended ______ (to sleep / sleeping) when I entered. 答案与解析 1.to buy(want + to do) 2.to meet(agree + to do) 3.to see(hope + to do) 4.to be(seem + to do) 5.not to go(decide + not to do) 6.to help(ask sb. + to do) 7.to read(tell sb. + to do) 8.to finish(need + to do) 9.to drive(offer + to do) 10.to sleep(pretend + to do) 二、复合结构 11.I want you ______ (to come / coming) with me. 12.She made him ______ (to apologize / apologize) for his mistake. 13.The boss had us ______ (to work / work) overtime. 14.It’s important ______ (to learn / learning) English. 15.I find it difficult ______ (to trust / trusting) him. 答案与解析 11.to come(want sb. + to do) 12.apologize(make sb. + 动词原形) 13.work(have sb. + 动词原形) 14.to learn(形式主语 It + be + adj. + to do) 15.to trust(find + it + adj. + to do) 三、特殊句型 16.He is too tired ______ (to walk / walking) anymore. 17.The box is light enough ______ (to carry / carrying). 18.I don’t know what ______ (to do / doing). 19.She is the first person ______ (to arrive / arriving) here. 20.We use knives ______ (to cut / cutting) things. 答案与解析 16.to walk(too + adj. + to do) 17.to carry(adj. + enough + to do) 18.to do(疑问词 + to do) 19.to arrive(序数词 + to do) 20.to cut(use sth. + to do) 关键语法点 1)常见接不定式的动词:want, hope, agree, decide, offer, pretend, seem 等。 2)使役动词后省略 to:make, let, have(但被动语态中要还原 to)。 3)形式主语 / 宾语:It’s + adj. + to do;find/think + it + adj. + to do。 4)特殊结构:too...to..., enough to..., 疑问词 + to do, 序数词 / 最高级 + to do。 【知识点清单二】动名词 1.动名词的定义与结构 定义:动名词是由动词原形 + ing构成的非谓语动词,兼具动词和名词的特征: 动词性:可带宾语、状语,有时态和语态变化。 名词性:在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 基本结构 语态 主动语态 被动语态 例句 一般式 doing being done 主动一般式:Reading books is my hobby.(作主语) 被动一般式:Being praised by teachers makes him happy.(作主语) 完成式 having done having been done 完成式:Having finished the work, she went home. (作状语,强调动作先后) 2.动名词的语法功能 功能 用法 举例 作主语 位于句首或用 it 作形式主语。 常见句型:It’s no use/good doing sth. 直接作主语:Swimming is good for health. 形式主语:It’s no use arguing with him. 作宾语 动词宾语:接在特定动词或短语后 He enjoys listening to music. 介词宾语:位于介词后(构成动名词短语)。 She is good at dancing. 作表语 说明主语的内容或性质,可与主语互换位置。 Her job is teaching English. → Teaching English is her job. 作定语 位于名词前,说明名词的用途或性质(相当于 “for + 名词”)。 a swimming pool = a pool for swimming(用途) a sleeping bag = a bag for sleeping(用途) 3.接动名词作宾语的动词及短语 1)常接动名词的动词(口诀记忆) 考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想;避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏; 禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。 中文含义 动词 / 短语 例句 考虑 consider He considered moving abroad. 建议 suggest/recommend I suggest taking a break. 盼原谅 look forward to/forgive I look forward to meeting you. 承认 admit She admitted stealing the book. 推迟 delay/postpone They delayed holding the meeting. 避免 avoid Avoid making the same mistake. 错过 miss He missed catching the train. 继续 keep/go on Keep practicing, and you’ll improve. 否认 deny He denied breaking the window. 完成 finish/complete Have you finished writing the essay? 欣赏 enjoy/appreciate She enjoys reading novels. 禁止 forbid/prohibit The law forbids smoking in public. 想象 imagine Can you imagine living on Mars? 冒险 risk Don’t risk driving after drinking. 不禁 can’t help I can’t help laughing at the joke. 介意 mind Would you mind closing the door? 准逃亡 allow/permit/escape Escape doing homework? No way! 2) 常接动名词的短语 短语 含义 例句 be good at 擅长于 She is good at playing the piano.她擅长弹钢琴。 He is good at math and often helps his classmates.他擅长数学,经常帮助同学。 be interested in 对…… 感兴趣 They are interested in learning new languages.(他们对学习新语言感兴趣。) I am interested in science fiction movies.(我对科幻电影感兴趣。) be fond of 喜欢;喜爱 My grandfather is fond of drinking tea in the morning.(我祖父喜欢早上喝茶。) She is fond of collecting stamps in her spare time.(她喜欢在业余时间集邮。) be used to 习惯于 He is used to getting up early every day.(他习惯每天早起。) I am used to the life in the countryside now.(我现在习惯了农村的生活。) insist on 坚持做某事 She insists on exercising every morning.(她坚持每天早上锻炼。) He insisted on paying the bill even though I offered.(尽管我提出买单,他还是坚持要付。) succeed in 成功做某事 They succeeded in finishing the project ahead of time.他们成功提前完成了项目。 Did you succeed in passing the driving test?(你成功通过驾驶考试了吗?) give up 放弃 Don’t give up trying; you’ll make it eventually.不要放弃尝试,你最终会成功的。 He gave up smoking after he got sick.他生病后戒烟了。 look forward to 期待;盼望 We are looking forward to the summer vacation.(我们期待着暑假的到来。) She is looking forward to meeting her old friends.(她盼望着见到老朋友。) pay attention to 注意;重视 Please pay attention to the teacher in class.(上课时请注意听老师讲课。) He paid attention to improving his speaking skills.(他注重提高自己的口语技能。) feel like 想要;感觉像 Do you feel like watching a movie tonight?(你今晚想看电影吗?) After the rain, it feels like autumn.(雨后,感觉像秋天一样。) be busy 忙碌 She is busy with her homework now.(她现在正忙着做作业。) They are busy preparing for the exam.(他们忙着准备考试。) be worth 值得 The book is worth reading twice. 这本书值得读两遍。 The film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得看。 have fun 玩得开心 We had fun at the party last night.(我们昨晚在派对上玩得很开心。) Kids have fun playing in the park.(孩子们在公园里玩得很开心。) have trouble /difficulty (in) 做某事有困难 He has trouble (in) understanding English grammar.(他理解英语语法有困难。) They had difficulty (in) finding a parking space.(他们很难找到停车位。) Spend time (in)doing sth 花费时间做某事 We spent all the holiday finishing reading the novel. 我们用了整个假期读完了小说。 4.动名词与不定式的区别 场景 动名词(侧重习惯性、一般性) 不定式(侧重具体某次动作) 作主语 Reading is a lifelong habit. To read this book took me a week. 作宾语 like/enjoy doing(长期爱好) like to do(某次具体行为) 特殊动词 remember/forget doing(记得 / 忘记已做) remember/forget to do(记得 / 忘记去做) 固定句型 It’s no use doing sth. It’s important to do sth. 5.既可接不定式(to do)也可接动名词(doing)作宾语的动词总结,含义或用法可能不同。 1)意义基本相同的动词 动词 用法区别 例句 begin begin to do / begin doing She began to learn / learning English at age 5.(开始学英语) start start to do / start doing The rain started to fall / falling heavily.(开始下雨) continue continue to do / continue doing He continued to work / working after a short break.(继续工作) like like to do(偶尔喜欢) /like doing(长期爱好) I like to swim in summer, but I like swimming in general.(夏天偶尔游,总体喜欢游泳) love love to do / love doing She loves to sing / singing pop songs.(喜欢唱歌) hate hate to do / hate doing They hate to wait / waiting for others.(讨厌等人) 2)意义差异显著的动词 动词 接不定式(to do)的含义 接动名词(doing)的含义 例句对比 remember remember to do(记得去做未做的事) remember doing(记得已做的事) Remember to lock the door.(记得去锁门) I remember locking it.(记得已锁门) forget forget to do(忘记去做未做的事) forget doing(忘记已做的事) Don’t forget to call me.(别忘记去打电话) I forgot meeting him before.(忘记曾见过他) stop stop to do(停下当前动作去做另一件事) stop doing(停止正在做的事) She stopped to eat lunch.(停下工作去吃午饭) Stop talking!(别说话了!) try try to do(努力 / 试图做某事) try doing(尝试某种方法) He tried to climb the mountain.(努力爬山) Try using this app.(试试用这个软件) mean mean to do(打算 / 意图做某事) mean doing(意味着做某事) I mean to help you.(我打算帮你) Failure means trying again.(失败意味着再试一次) regret regret to do(遗憾地做某事,常接 say/tell 等) regret doing(后悔做过某事) I regret to tell you the bad news.(遗憾告知) She regrets quitting school.(后悔辍学) go on go on to do(做完一件事后继续做另一件事) go on doing(继续做同一件事) After dinner, he went on to read a book.(饭后继续读书) He went on working all night.(继续工作一整晚) 3)特殊结构与易错点 特殊结构与易错点 举例 need/want/require + doing(主动表被动) These clothes need washing. = These clothes need to be washed.(衣服需要被洗) The house wants repairing. = The house wants to be repaired.(房子需要被修) can’t help + doing/to do can’t help doing(忍不住做某事):She can’t help laughing at the joke.(忍不住笑) can’t help to do(无法帮助做某事):I can’t help to clean the house.(无法帮忙打扫) be used to + doing/to do be used to doing(习惯于做某事):He is used to getting up early.(习惯早起) be used to do(被用来做某事):Wood is used to make furniture.(木头被用来做家具) 4)记忆口诀与技巧 口诀:“需要想要值得忙,记得忘记停继续;尝试意味又后悔,忍不住来习惯忙。” 口诀 词汇分析记忆 需要想要值得忙 need/want/require doing(主动表被动) worth doing(值得做) 记得忘记停继续 remember/forget to do/doing(记 / 忘去做 / 已做) stop to do/doing(停下做另一件事 / 停止当前事) go on to do/doing(继续做另一件事 / 同一件事) 尝试意味又后悔 try to do/doing(努力 / 尝试) mean to do/doing(打算 / 意味着) regret to do/doing(遗憾 / 后悔) 忍不住来习惯忙 can’t help doing/to do(忍不住 / 无法帮助) be used to doing(习惯于) 6.动名词的复合结构 动名词的逻辑主语可用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格表示,构成复合结构,在句中作主语或宾语: 作主语:His coming made us happy.(不可用宾格 him) 作宾语:I don’t mind him/his smoking here.(口语中可用宾格 him) 【即时训练】 一、基础选择题 1.She enjoys ______ (dancing / to dance) to music. 2.I finished ______ (reading / to read) the book last night. 3.He suggested ______ (going / to go) to the movies. 4.They practiced ______ (playing / to play) the piano every day. 5.I avoid ______ (eating / to eat) junk food. 6.She keeps ______ (asking / to ask) the same question. 7.We discussed ______ (traveling / to travel) abroad. 8.He quit ______ (smoking / to smoke) last year. 9.They miss ______ (living / to live) in the countryside. 10.I can’t stand ______ (waiting / to wait) in line. 答案与解析 1.dancing(enjoy + doing) 2.reading(finish + doing) 3.going(suggest + doing) 4.playing(practice + doing) 5.eating(avoid + doing) 6.asking(keep + doing) 7.traveling(discuss + doing) 8.smoking(quit + doing) 9.living(miss + doing) 10.waiting(can’t stand + doing) 二、动名词作主语 / 宾语 11.______ (Swimming / To swim) is good exercise. 12.His hobby is ______ (collecting / to collect) stamps. 13.I don’t mind ______ (cooking / to cook) dinner. 14.______ (Learning / To learn) a new language takes time. 15.She hates ______ (cleaning / to clean) the house. 答案与解析 11.Swimming(动名词作主语) 12.collecting(动名词作表语) 13.cooking(mind + doing) 14.Learning(动名词作主语更常见) 15.cleaning(hate + doing 表示习惯) 三、介词后用动名词 16.Thank you for ______ (helping / to help) me. 17.He is good at ______ (painting / to paint). 18.Are you interested in ______ (studying / to study) abroad? 19.Before ______ (leaving / to leave), lock the door. 20.She apologized for ______ (being / to be) late. 答案与解析 16.helping(for + doing) 17.painting(at + doing) 18.studying(in + doing) 19.leaving(before + doing) 20.being(for + doing) 四、固定搭配 21.I’m looking forward to ______ (meeting / meet) you. 22.He gave up ______ (trying / to try) after many failures. 23.She’s used to ______ (working / work) long hours. 24.We’re thinking of ______ (buying / to buy) a new car. 25.I can’t help ______ (laughing / to laugh) at his joke. 答案与解析 21.meeting(look forward to + doing) 22.trying(give up + doing) 23.working(be used to + doing,习惯做某事) 24.buying(think of + doing) 25.laughing(can’t help + doing,忍不住做某事) 五、复合结构 26.Do you mind my ______ (opening / to open) the window? 27.She doesn’t like ______ (people smoking / people to smoke) in her house. 28.His father disapproved of ______ (him marrying / him to marry) her. 29.I remember ______ (him saying / him to say) that. 30.They suggested ______ (our going / us to go) by train. 答案与解析 26.opening(mind + one’s + doing) 27.people smoking(like + sb. + doing) 28.him marrying(disapprove of + sb. + doing) 29.him saying(remember + sb. + doing) 30.our going(suggest + one’s + doing) 六、与动词不定式区别 31.She remembered ______ (lock) the door, but it was actually open. 答案:locking 解析:remember doing(记得已做),填 locking。 32.The teacher stopped ______ (talk) to answer the phone. 答案:to talk 解析:stop to do(停下当前动作去做另一件事),填 to talk。 33.If you’re tired, you can stop ______ (work). 答案:working 解析:stop doing(停止正在做的事),填 working。 34.We tried ______ (fix) the machine, but it didn’t work. 答案:to fix 解析:try to do(努力做),填 to fix。 35.Try ______ (add) some sugar. Maybe it’ll taste better. 答案:adding 解析:try doing(尝试某种方法),填 adding。 【知识点清单三】分词(现在分词 / 过去分词) 现在分词(Present Participle)和过去分词(Past Participle)是英语非谓语动词的重要组成部分。 1. 分词的基本形式 分词 构成 特点 现在分词 动词原形 + -ing(如:walk → walking) 表示主动、进行或伴随的动作。 过去分词 规则动词:动词原形 + -ed(如:work → worked) 不规则动词:特殊形式(如:go → gone, eat → eaten) 表示被动、完成或状态。 2. 语法功能对比 功能 现在分词(主动 / 进行) 过去分词(被动 / 完成) 作定语 The running boy(主动动作) The broken window(被动状态) 作表语 The movie is interesting(主动感受) I'm interested in it(被动感受) 作状语 Walking in the park, she sang.(主动伴随) Given more time, I can finish.(被动条件) 作宾语补足语 I saw him running.(主动动作) She had her hair cut.(被动动作) 3. 语义差异 语义差异 现在分词(主动 / 进行) 过去分词(被动 / 完成) 主动 vs 被动 表示主语主动发出的动作 The smiling child waved.(孩子主动微笑) 表示主语承受的动作或状态 → The broken vase needs repair.(花瓶被打破) 进行 vs 完成 强调动作正在进行 → The boiling water is hot.(正在沸腾) 强调动作已完成 → The boiled water is safe to drink.(已沸腾过) 4. 分词短语的时态与语态 项目 理解 例句 现在分词的时态 一般式:doing(与谓语动词同时发生) She sat there, reading a book. 完成式:having done(动作先于谓语动词) Having finished his homework, he went out. 过去分词的语态 及物动词:过去分词通常表示被动 The written letter was sent.(被写的信) 不及物动词:过去分词表示完成(无被动含义) The fallen leaves covered the ground.已落下的树叶 5. 典型错误与注意事项 典型错误 注意事项 分词作状语时的逻辑主语一致性 ❌ 错误:Walking down the street, my phone rang.(分词逻辑主语是 “我”,但主句主语是 “phone”) ✅ 正确:Walking down the street, I heard my phone ring. 现在分词与动名词的混淆 现在分词:作定语、状语等,表动作 → The sleeping baby is cute.(正在睡觉的婴儿) 动名词:作主语、宾语等,表行为 → Sleeping is important.(睡觉这件事) 感官动词后的宾语补足语 现在分词:强调动作正在进行 → I saw him crossing the road.(看见他正在过马路) 过去分词:强调动作的结果或被动 → I had my car washed.车被洗了 6. 特殊结构 特殊结构 用法 例句 独立主格结构 分词短语有独立的逻辑主语 Weather permitting, we will go hiking.(天气允许的话...) with 复合结构 with + 宾语 + 分词 She left the room with the light burning.(灯亮着) → He came in with his hair cut.(头发剪了) 7. 对比练习:选择正确形式 The barking/barked dog scared me.(barking:主动动作) Given/Giving more time, I can solve it.(Given:被动语态) She sat there, watching/watched TV.(watching:主动伴随) 8.总结:掌握分词的核心在于判断动作的主动 / 被动和进行 / 完成状态,并注意上下文的逻辑主语一致性。 对比项 现在分词 过去分词 语态 主动 被动 时态 进行 完成 典型结构 be + doing(进行时态) have + done(完成时态) 常见错误 逻辑主语不一致 及物 / 不及物动词误用 【即时训练】 一、分词作定语 1.The ______ (boiling / boiled) water is too hot to drink. 2.The ______ (broken / breaking) window needs to be repaired. 3.The ______ (smiling / smiled) child looks happy. 4.Do you know the man ______ (standing / stood) over there? 5.The book ______ (written / writing) by him is very popular. 答案与解析 1.boiling(现在分词表主动 / 进行,boiling water 正沸腾的水) 2.broken(过去分词表被动 / 完成,broken window 被打破的窗户) 3.smiling(现在分词表主动,smiling child 正微笑的孩子) 4.standing(现在分词表主动 / 进行,man standing 正在站着的人) 5.written(过去分词表被动 / 完成,book written 被写的书) 二、分词作表语 6.The movie is ______ (interesting / interested). 7.I’m ______ (boring / bored) by his story. 8.The result is ______ (surprising / surprised). 9.She feels ______ (satisfying / satisfied) with her work. 10.The situation seems ______ (confusing / confused). 答案与解析 6.interesting(现在分词修饰物,电影令人感兴趣) 7.bored(过去分词修饰人,人感到无聊) 8.surprising(现在分词修饰物,结果令人惊讶) 9.satisfied(过去分词修饰人,人感到满足) 10.confusing(现在分词修饰物,情况令人困惑) 三、分词作状语 11.______ (Walking / Walked) in the park, she saw a beautiful flower. 12.______ (Given / Giving) more time, I can finish the task. 13.______ (Hearing / Heard) the news, they jumped for joy. 14.______ (Tired / Tiring) from work, he went straight home. 15.______ (Waiting / Waited) for the bus, I met an old friend. 答案与解析 11.Walking(现在分词表主动,she 主动 walk) 12.Given(过去分词表被动,被给予时间) 13.Hearing(现在分词表主动,they 主动 hear) 14.Tired(过去分词表状态,人感到疲惫) 15.Waiting(现在分词表主动,I 主动 wait) 四、分词作宾语补足语 16.I saw him ______ (crossing / crossed) the road. 17.She had her hair ______ (cutting / cut) yesterday. 18.We heard the children ______ (laughing / laughed) in the garden. 19.The teacher found the students ______ (sleeping / slept) in class. 20.He got his car ______ (washing / washed) this morning. 答案与解析 16.crossing(see sb. doing 看到动作正在进行) 17.cut(have sth. done 让某事被做,hair 被 cut) 18.laughing(hear sb. doing 听到动作正在进行) 19.sleeping(find sb. doing 发现动作正在进行) 20.washed(get sth. done 让某事被做,car 被 washed) 五、独立主格结构 21.______ (Weather permitting / Weather permitted), we will go hiking. 22.______ (All things considered / Considering all things), he made the right decision. 23.______ (The job finished / The job finishing), they went home. 24.______ (Her mother being ill / Her mother ill), she had to stay at home. 25.______ (Time allowing / Time allowed), we’ll visit the museum. 答案与解析 21.Weather permitting(独立主格,weather 主动 permit) 22.All things considered(独立主格,things 被 consider) 23.The job finished(独立主格,job 被 finish) 224.Her mother being ill(独立主格,mother 主动 being ill) 25.Time allowing(独立主格,time 主动 allow) 六、分词时态与语态 26.______ (Having finished / Finished) his homework, he went out to play. 27.______ (Being built / Built) in the 19th century, the bridge is very old. 28.______ (Having been given / Given) the opportunity, she succeeded. 29.______ (Writing / Having written) three letters, he felt relieved. 30.______ (Seen / Seeing) from the top, the city looks beautiful. 答案与解析 26.Having finished(完成式分词,动作先于谓语动词) 27.Built(过去分词表被动 / 完成,桥被建造) 28.Having been given(完成被动式,先被给予机会) 29.Having written(完成式分词,先写完信) 30.Seen(过去分词表被动,city 被看) 关键语法点 现在分词:表主动、进行(如:boiling, smiling, walking)。 过去分词:表被动、完成(如:broken, written, given)。 分词作状语:注意逻辑主语一致性(如:Walking in the park, I saw a flower.)。 独立主格:分词短语有独立逻辑主语(如:Weather permitting, we’ll go.)。 分词时态:完成式(having done)强调动作先于谓语动词。 总结:解题关键 非谓语动词的核心在于判断逻辑关系(主动 / 被动)和时间关系(进行 / 完成 / 将来)。 解题时需: 确定句子谓语动词,判断是否需要非谓语形式; 分析非谓语与逻辑主语的关系(主动用 doing,被动用 done); 结合动作发生时间(先于谓语用完成式 having done/having been done)。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 编写说明:黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》(2020年版)及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。 本专题是黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第9个专题,内容为非谓语动词。 黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习 英语语法知识清单 专题9 非谓语动词(讲+练)【考点解读】 近三年真题显示,非谓语动词的考点主要集中在非谓语动词的运用,尤其是现在分词和固定搭配。 当句子已有谓语动词,其他动词需以非谓语形式呈现。如 “Having finished their work, they went to have lunch”,“Having finished” 作为现在分词的完成式,充当时间状语,凸显 “完成工作” 先于 “去吃午饭”,体现动作的先后顺序。“The woman wearing a blue dress was a nurse” 与 “The girl giving the speech was full of confidence” 里,“wearing a blue dress” 和 “giving the speech” 均作后置定语,因 “woman” 与 “wear”、“girl” 与 “give” 为主动关系,生动展现现在分词表主动和进行的特性。 固定搭配也是重要考查点,“tell sb. not to do sth.”“avoid doing sth.”“enjoy doing sth.”“make sb. do sth.”“stop doing sth.” 等搭配频繁出现,需牢记其结构与用法。词义辨析则要求依据语境精准选择词汇,像 “To protect nature is to help ourselves, or we'll be punished” 中,“protect” 贴合 “保护自然” 的语境。只有熟练掌握这些核心考点,才能在英语学习与考试中应对自如。 非谓语动词综述 非谓语动词是英语语法中至关重要的难点与高频考点,指在句子中不能直接作谓语的动词形式,不受主语人称和时态限制,但保留动词的部分特征(如可带宾语、状语等)。其本质是将动词 “降级” 为句子的其他成分(如主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等),从而丰富句子结构。 一、三大基本类型 非谓语动词包含三种形式:不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)、分词(现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done)。三者的核心区别如下: 类型 语法功能 逻辑关系 时间特征 不定式(to do) 多作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语,表具体的、未发生的动作。 主动(逻辑主语通常是动作执行者) 将来或一次性动作 动名词(doing) 作主语、宾语、表语、定语,将动作名词化,表习惯性、抽象的动作。 主动 与谓语动作同时或已发生 现在分词(doing) 作定语、状语、补语,表主动或进行中的动作。 主动 与谓语动作同时发生 过去分词(done) 作定语、状语、补语,表被动或完成的动作。 被动 二、非谓语动词的否定形式 通常是在其前面加not,如not to do, not doing, not having done等。 三、非谓语动词的复合结构 不定式的复合结构:for/of sb. to do sth.,当形容词表示人的品质、性格等时用of,其他情况用for。 动名词的复合结构:sb.’s/sb. doing sth.,在句中作主语时用sb.’s形式,作宾语时两种形式都可以。 【知识点清单一】动词不定式: 1.基本形式:to do(有时可省略to)。否定式,not to do(to前加not) 形式 意义 例句对比 一般式(to do) 尚未发生或一般性动作 I hope to visit you tomorrow. 进行式(to be doing) 正在进行的动作 He seems to be writing a letter. 完成式(to have done) 先于谓语动词的动作 She forgot to have locked the door. 完成进行式(to have been doing) 持续到谓语时间的动作 He pretends to have been studying. 2.语法功能:可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。 例如,“To see is to believe.”中“To see”作主语,“to believe”作表语。 用法 形式 举例 作主语 常用形式:It + be + 形容词 / 名词 + to do(it 作形式主语)。 It is important to learn a foreign language.学外语很重要。 To learn a foreign language is important.学习一门外语很重要。 作宾语 接不定式作宾语的动词:want, hope, decide, plan, afford, refuse 等。 She decided to travel alone.(她决定独自旅行。) 作宾语补足语 动词 + 宾语 + to do(部分使役动词和感官动词后省略如 let, make, have 和see,heart,watch后省略 to)。 The teacher told us to finish homework.老师让我们完成作业。 He made me laugh.(他让我笑了。)(省略 to) 作定语 位于被修饰词后,表将来的动作。 I have a meeting to attend tomorrow.我明天有个会要参加。 3.常接不定式(to do)作宾语的动词总结。 1) 类别 动词举例 例句 想要 / 打算类 want想要、wish希望、hope希望、plan计划、intend打算 I want to learn a new language. 我想学习一门新语言。 拒绝 / 决定类 refuse拒绝、decide决定、determine决心、 choose选择 She decided to travel alone. 她决定独自旅行。 请求 / 要求类 ask请求、beg乞求、demand要求、 request请求 He asked to speak to the manager. 他请求和经理谈话。 努力 / 企图类 try努力、attempt企图、strive力争 They strive to finish the project on time. 他们力争按时完成项目。 同意 / 承诺类 agree同意、promise承诺、undertake承担 He promised to call me every day. 他承诺每天给我打电话。 假装 / 倾向类 pretend假装、tend倾向、hesitate犹豫 She pretended to be asleep when I entered.我进来时她假装睡觉。 学习 / 准备类 learn学习、prepare准备 I need to prepare to take the exam. 我需要准备参加考试。 其他高频动词 afford负担得起、fail失败、happen碰巧、 manage设法做成 We can't afford to buy a new car. 我们买不起新车。 2)助记口诀: 想要拒绝忘记(想 / 要 / 拒 / 绝 / 忘),需要努力学习(需 / 要 / 努 / 力 / 学), 喜欢同意帮助(喜 / 欢 / 同 / 意 / 帮),希望决定开始(希 / 望 / 决 / 定 / 开 / 始)。 口诀拆解与对应动词: 想要拒绝忘记 想:want想要、wish希望 要:ask要求、beg乞求 拒:refuse拒绝 绝:decide(决定)、determine(决心) 忘:forget(忘记)(注:forget 接 to do 表示 “忘记去做某事”,接 doing 表示 “忘记做过某事”) 需要努力学习 需:need(需要) 要:require(要求)(常用被动结构 be required to do) 努:attempt(企图)、strive(力争) 力:manage(设法做成) 学:learn(学习)、plan(计划) 喜欢同意帮助 喜:like(喜欢)(可接 to do 或 doing,意义区别不大) 欢:love(爱)、prefer(更喜欢)(prefer to do sth.) 同:agree(同意) 意:intend(打算) 帮:help(帮助)(可接 to do,to 可省略) 希望决定开始 希:hope(希望) 望:expect(期望) 决:decide(决定) 定:determine(决心) 开:begin(开始)(可接 to do 或 doing) 始:start(开始)(可接 to do 或 doing) 3)例句强化记忆 He wishes to become a doctor.(他希望成为医生。)——想要类 She refused to accept the gift.(她拒绝接受礼物。)——拒绝类 They planned to visit the museum.(他们计划参观博物馆。)——计划类 I managed to solve the problem.(我设法解决了问题。)——努力类 He agreed to lend me his bike.(他同意把自行车借给我。)——同意类 4.可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词总结 1)常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词分类及例句 动词类别 动词 表示 “命令、要求” tell(告诉):My mother told me to stay away from danger. order(命令):The officer ordered soldiers to march forward. require(要求):The company requires employees to wear uniforms. ask(要求):The teacher asked us to finish homework on time. 表示 “允许、禁止” allow(允许):Parents don’t allow children to play with fire. permit(允许):The manager permitted him to take a day off. forbid(禁止):The sign forbids people to smoke here. 表示 “邀请、建议” invite(邀请):She invited me to her birthday party. advise(建议):The doctor advised him to exercise regularly. encourage(鼓励):Teachers encourage students to think independently. 表示 “请求、警告” request(请求):He requested us to keep the secret. warn(警告):The teacher warned us not to copy others’ answers. remind(提醒):Please remind me to take medicine after meals. 表示 “使役、感官” 的特殊动词(可接不带 to 的不定式或现在分词) 使役动词 let(让):Let me help you.(省略 to) make(使):The boss made them work overtime.(省略 to) have(使):I’ll have my brother fix the bike.(省略 to) 感官动词 see/watch/hear/notice/feel: I saw him enter the room.(强调动作全过程,省略 to) I saw him entering the room.(强调动作正在进行) 2)口诀助记 口诀:请允许命令,邀请建议劝;请求警告告,使役感官看。 (注:前半部分对应带 to 的动词,后半部分注意使役和感官动词的特殊用法) 口诀解析: 口诀 单词 请允许命令 请(ask/request)、允许(allow/permit)、命令(order/tell)→ 接带 to 的不定式。 邀请建议劝 邀请(invite)、建议(advise/suggest)、劝(encourage)→ 接带 to 的不定式。 请求警告告 请求(request)、警告(warn)、告(remind/tell)→ 接带 to 的不定式。 使役感官看 使役动词(let/make/have)→ 接不带 to 的不定式(被动语态需还原 to,如:be made to do)。 感官动词(see/watch 等)→ 可接不带 to 的不定式(表全过程)或现在分词(表进行)。 3)易混点提醒 易混点 注意 使役动词的被动语态 主动语态:He made me cry.(省略 to) 被动语态:I was made to cry by him.(需还原 to) 感官动词的两种结构 see sb. do sth.(看见某人做了某事,全过程) see sb. doing sth.(看见某人正在做某事,进行中) 【即时训练】 一、基础选择题 1.She wants ______ (to buy / buying) a new dress. 2.They agreed ______ (to meet / meeting) at the park. 3.I hope ______ (to see / seeing) you soon. 4.He seems ______ (to be / being) happy today. 5.We decided ______ (not to go / to not go) to the party. 6.She asked me ______ (to help / helping) her. 7.The teacher told us ______ (to read / reading) the book. 8.I need ______ (to finish / finishing) this work by Friday. 9.They offered ______ (to drive / driving) us home. 10.He pretended ______ (to sleep / sleeping) when I entered. 二、复合结构 11.I want you ______ (to come / coming) with me. 12.She made him ______ (to apologize / apologize) for his mistake. 13.The boss had us ______ (to work / work) overtime. 14.It’s important ______ (to learn / learning) English. 15.I find it difficult ______ (to trust / trusting) him. 三、特殊句型 16.He is too tired ______ (to walk / walking) anymore. 17.The box is light enough ______ (to carry / carrying). 18.I don’t know what ______ (to do / doing). 19.She is the first person ______ (to arrive / arriving) here. 20.We use knives ______ (to cut / cutting) things. 【知识点清单二】动名词 1.动名词的定义与结构 定义:动名词是由动词原形 + ing构成的非谓语动词,兼具动词和名词的特征: 动词性:可带宾语、状语,有时态和语态变化。 名词性:在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 基本结构 语态 主动语态 被动语态 例句 一般式 doing being done 主动一般式:Reading books is my hobby.(作主语) 被动一般式:Being praised by teachers makes him happy.(作主语) 完成式 having done having been done 完成式:Having finished the work, she went home. (作状语,强调动作先后) 2.动名词的语法功能 功能 用法 举例 作主语 位于句首或用 it 作形式主语。 常见句型:It’s no use/good doing sth. 直接作主语:Swimming is good for health. 形式主语:It’s no use arguing with him. 作宾语 动词宾语:接在特定动词或短语后(见下表) He enjoys listening to music. 介词宾语:位于介词后(构成动名词短语)。 She is good at dancing. 作表语 说明主语的内容或性质,可与主语互换位置。 Her job is teaching English. → Teaching English is her job. 作定语 位于名词前,说明名词的用途或性质(相当于 “for + 名词”)。 a swimming pool = a pool for swimming(用途) a sleeping bag = a bag for sleeping(用途) 3.接动名词作宾语的动词及短语 1)常接动名词的动词(口诀记忆) 考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想;避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏; 禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。 中文含义 动词 / 短语 例句 考虑 consider He considered moving abroad. 建议 suggest/recommend I suggest taking a break. 盼原谅 look forward to/forgive I look forward to meeting you. 承认 admit She admitted stealing the book. 推迟 delay/postpone They delayed holding the meeting. 避免 avoid Avoid making the same mistake. 错过 miss He missed catching the train. 继续 keep/go on Keep practicing, and you’ll improve. 否认 deny He denied breaking the window. 完成 finish/complete Have you finished writing the essay? 欣赏 enjoy/appreciate She enjoys reading novels. 禁止 forbid/prohibit The law forbids smoking in public. 想象 imagine Can you imagine living on Mars? 冒险 risk Don’t risk driving after drinking. 不禁 can’t help I can’t help laughing at the joke. 介意 mind Would you mind closing the door? 准逃亡 allow/permit/escape Escape doing homework? No way! 2) 常接动名词的短语 短语 含义 例句 be good at 擅长于 She is good at playing the piano.她擅长弹钢琴。 He is good at math and often helps his classmates.他擅长数学,经常帮助同学。 be interested in 对…… 感兴趣 They are interested in learning new languages.(他们对学习新语言感兴趣。) I am interested in science fiction movies.(我对科幻电影感兴趣。) be fond of 喜欢;喜爱 My grandfather is fond of drinking tea in the morning.(我祖父喜欢早上喝茶。) She is fond of collecting stamps in her spare time.(她喜欢在业余时间集邮。) be used to 习惯于 He is used to getting up early every day.(他习惯每天早起。) I am used to the life in the countryside now.(我现在习惯了农村的生活。) insist on 坚持做某事 She insists on exercising every morning.(她坚持每天早上锻炼。) He insisted on paying the bill even though I offered.(尽管我提出买单,他还是坚持要付。) succeed in 成功做某事 They succeeded in finishing the project ahead of time.他们成功提前完成了项目。 Did you succeed in passing the driving test?(你成功通过驾驶考试了吗?) give up 放弃 Don’t give up trying; you’ll make it eventually.不要放弃尝试,你最终会成功的。 He gave up smoking after he got sick.他生病后戒烟了。 look forward to 期待;盼望 We are looking forward to the summer vacation.(我们期待着暑假的到来。) She is looking forward to meeting her old friends.(她盼望着见到老朋友。) pay attention to 注意;重视 Please pay attention to the teacher in class.(上课时请注意听老师讲课。) He paid attention to improving his speaking skills.(他注重提高自己的口语技能。) feel like 想要;感觉像 Do you feel like watching a movie tonight?(你今晚想看电影吗?) After the rain, it feels like autumn.(雨后,感觉像秋天一样。) be busy 忙碌 She is busy with her homework now.(她现在正忙着做作业。) They are busy preparing for the exam.(他们忙着准备考试。) be worth 值得 The book is worth reading twice. 这本书值得读两遍。 The film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得看。 have fun 玩得开心 We had fun at the party last night.(我们昨晚在派对上玩得很开心。) Kids have fun playing in the park.(孩子们在公园里玩得很开心。) have trouble /difficulty (in) 做某事有困难 He has trouble (in) understanding English grammar.(他理解英语语法有困难。) They had difficulty (in) finding a parking space.(他们很难找到停车位。) Spend time (in)doing sth 花费时间做某事 We spent all the holiday finishing reading the novel. 我们用了整个假期读完了小说。 4.动名词与不定式的区别 场景 动名词(侧重习惯性、一般性) 不定式(侧重具体某次动作) 作主语 Reading is a lifelong habit. To read this book took me a week. 作宾语 like/enjoy doing(长期爱好) like to do(某次具体行为) 特殊动词 remember/forget doing(记得 / 忘记已做) remember/forget to do(记得 / 忘记去做) 固定句型 It’s no use doing sth. It’s important to do sth. 5.既可接不定式(to do)也可接动名词(doing)作宾语的动词总结,含义或用法可能不同。 1)意义基本相同的动词 动词 用法区别 例句 begin begin to do / begin doing She began to learn / learning English at age 5.(开始学英语) start start to do / start doing The rain started to fall / falling heavily.(开始下雨) continue continue to do / continue doing He continued to work / working after a short break.(继续工作) like like to do(偶尔喜欢) /like doing(长期爱好) I like to swim in summer, but I like swimming in general.(夏天偶尔游,总体喜欢游泳) love love to do / love doing She loves to sing / singing pop songs.(喜欢唱歌) hate hate to do / hate doing They hate to wait / waiting for others.(讨厌等人) 2)意义差异显著的动词 动词 接不定式(to do)的含义 接动名词(doing)的含义 例句对比 remember remember to do(记得去做未做的事) remember doing(记得已做的事) Remember to lock the door.(记得去锁门) I remember locking it.(记得已锁门) forget forget to do(忘记去做未做的事) forget doing(忘记已做的事) Don’t forget to call me.(别忘记去打电话) I forgot meeting him before.(忘记曾见过他) stop stop to do(停下当前动作去做另一件事) stop doing(停止正在做的事) She stopped to eat lunch.(停下工作去吃午饭) Stop talking!(别说话了!) try try to do(努力 / 试图做某事) try doing(尝试某种方法) He tried to climb the mountain.(努力爬山) Try using this app.(试试用这个软件) mean mean to do(打算 / 意图做某事) mean doing(意味着做某事) I mean to help you.(我打算帮你) Failure means trying again.失败意味着再试一次 regret regret to do(遗憾地做某事,常接 say/tell 等) regret doing(后悔做过某事) I regret to tell you the bad news.(遗憾告知) She regrets quitting school.(后悔辍学) go on go on to do(做完一件事后继续做另一件事) go on doing(继续做同一件事) After dinner, he went on to read a book.饭后继续读书 He went on working all night.(继续工作一整晚) 3)特殊结构与易错点 特殊结构与易错点 举例 need/want/require + doing(主动表被动) These clothes need washing. = These clothes need to be washed.(衣服需要被洗) The house wants repairing. = The house wants to be repaired.(房子需要被修) can’t help + doing/to do can’t help doing(忍不住做某事):She can’t help laughing at the joke.(忍不住笑) can’t help to do(无法帮助做某事):I can’t help to clean the house.(无法帮忙打扫) be used to + doing/to do be used to doing(习惯于做某事):He is used to getting up early.(习惯早起) be used to do(被用来做某事):Wood is used to make furniture.(木头被用来做家具) 4)记忆口诀与技巧 口诀:“需要想要值得忙,记得忘记停继续;尝试意味又后悔,忍不住来习惯忙。” 口诀 词汇分析记忆 需要想要值得忙 need/want/require doing(主动表被动) worth doing(值得做) 记得忘记停继续 remember/forget to do/doing(记 / 忘去做 / 已做) stop to do/doing(停下做另一件事 / 停止当前事) go on to do/doing(继续做另一件事 / 同一件事) 尝试意味又后悔 try to do/doing(努力 / 尝试) mean to do/doing(打算 / 意味着) regret to do/doing(遗憾 / 后悔) 忍不住来习惯忙 can’t help doing/to do(忍不住 / 无法帮助) be used to doing(习惯于) 6.动名词的复合结构 动名词的逻辑主语可用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格表示,构成复合结构,在句中作主语或宾语: 作主语:His coming made us happy.(不可用宾格 him) 作宾语:I don’t mind him/his smoking here.(口语中可用宾格 him) 【即时训练】 一、基础选择题 1.She enjoys ______ (dancing / to dance) to music. 2.I finished ______ (reading / to read) the book last night. 3.He suggested ______ (going / to go) to the movies. 4.They practiced ______ (playing / to play) the piano every day. 5.I avoid ______ (eating / to eat) junk food. 6.She keeps ______ (asking / to ask) the same question. 7.We discussed ______ (traveling / to travel) abroad. 8.He quit ______ (smoking / to smoke) last year. 9.They miss ______ (living / to live) in the countryside. 10.I can’t stand ______ (waiting / to wait) in line. 二、动名词作主语 / 宾语 11.______ (Swimming / To swim) is good exercise. 12.His hobby is ______ (collecting / to collect) stamps. 13.I don’t mind ______ (cooking / to cook) dinner. 14.______ (Learning / To learn) a new language takes time. 15.She hates ______ (cleaning / to clean) the house. 三、介词后用动名词 16.Thank you for ______ (helping / to help) me. 17.He is good at ______ (painting / to paint). 18.Are you interested in ______ (studying / to study) abroad? 19.Before ______ (leaving / to leave), lock the door. 20.She apologized for ______ (being / to be) late. 四、固定搭配 21.I’m looking forward to ______ (meeting / meet) you. 22.He gave up ______ (trying / to try) after many failures. 23.She’s used to ______ (working / work) long hours. 24.We’re thinking of ______ (buying / to buy) a new car. 25.I can’t help ______ (laughing / to laugh) at his joke. 五、复合结构 26.Do you mind my ______ (opening / to open) the window? 27.She doesn’t like ______ (people smoking / people to smoke) in her house. 28.His father disapproved of ______ (him marrying / him to marry) her. 29.I remember ______ (him saying / him to say) that. 30.They suggested ______ (our going / us to go) by train. 六、与动词不定式区别 31.She remembered ______ (lock) the door, but it was actually open. 32.The teacher stopped ______ (talk) to answer the phone. 33.If you’re tired, you can stop ______ (work). 34.We tried ______ (fix) the machine, but it didn’t work. 35.Try ______ (add) some sugar. Maybe it’ll taste better. 【知识点清单三】分词(现在分词 / 过去分词) 现在分词(Present Participle)和过去分词(Past Participle)是英语非谓语动词的重要组成部分。 1. 分词的基本形式 分词 构成 特点 现在分词 动词原形 + -ing(如:walk → walking) 表示主动、进行或伴随的动作。 过去分词 规则动词:动词原形 + -ed(如:work → worked) 不规则动词:特殊形式(如:go → gone, eat → eaten) 表示被动、完成或状态。 2. 语法功能对比 功能 现在分词(主动 / 进行) 过去分词(被动 / 完成) 作定语 The running boy(主动动作) The broken window(被动状态) 作表语 The movie is interesting(主动感受) I'm interested in it(被动感受) 作状语 Walking in the park, she sang.(主动伴随) Given more time, I can finish.(被动条件) 作宾语补足语 I saw him running.(主动动作) She had her hair cut.(被动动作) 3. 语义差异 语义差异 现在分词(主动 / 进行) 过去分词(被动 / 完成) 主动 vs 被动 表示主语主动发出的动作 The smiling child waved.(孩子主动微笑) 表示主语承受的动作或状态 → The broken vase needs repair.(花瓶被打破) 进行 vs 完成 强调动作正在进行 → The boiling water is hot.(正在沸腾) 强调动作已完成 → The boiled water is safe to drink.(已沸腾过) 4. 分词短语的时态与语态 项目 理解 例句 现在分词的时态 一般式:doing(与谓语动词同时发生) She sat there, reading a book. 完成式:having done(动作先于谓语动词) Having finished his homework, he went out. 过去分词的语态 及物动词:过去分词通常表示被动 The written letter was sent.(被写的信) 不及物动词:过去分词表示完成(无被动含义) The fallen leaves covered the ground.(已落下的树叶) 5. 典型错误与注意事项 典型错误 注意事项 分词作状语时的逻辑主语一致性 ❌ 错误:Walking down the street, my phone rang.(分词逻辑主语是 “我”,但主句主语是 “phone”) ✅ 正确:Walking down the street, I heard my phone ring. 现在分词与动名词的混淆 现在分词:作定语、状语等,表动作 → The sleeping baby is cute.(正在睡觉的婴儿) 动名词:作主语、宾语等,表行为 → Sleeping is important.(睡觉这件事) 感官动词后的宾语补足语 现在分词:强调动作正在进行 → I saw him crossing the road.(看见他正在过马路) 过去分词:强调动作的结果或被动 → I had my car washed.车被洗了 6. 特殊结构 特殊结构 用法 例句 独立主格结构 分词短语有独立的逻辑主语 Weather permitting, we will go hiking.(天气允许的话...) with 复合结构 with + 宾语 + 分词 She left the room with the light burning.(灯亮着) → He came in with his hair cut.(头发剪了) 7. 对比练习 选择正确形式 The barking/barked dog scared me.(barking:主动动作) Given/Giving more time, I can solve it.(Given:被动语态) She sat there, watching/watched TV.(watching:主动伴随) 8.总结:掌握分词的核心在于判断动作的主动 / 被动和进行 / 完成状态,并注意上下文的逻辑主语一致性。 对比项 现在分词 过去分词 语态 主动 被动 时态 进行 完成 典型结构 be + doing(进行时态) have + done(完成时态) 常见错误 逻辑主语不一致 及物 / 不及物动词误用 【即时训练】 一、分词作定语 1.The ______ (boiling / boiled) water is too hot to drink. 2.The ______ (broken / breaking) window needs to be repaired. 3.The ______ (smiling / smiled) child looks happy. 4.Do you know the man ______ (standing / stood) over there? 5.The book ______ (written / writing) by him is very popular. 二、分词作表语 6.The movie is ______ (interesting / interested). 7.I’m ______ (boring / bored) by his story. 8.The result is ______ (surprising / surprised). 9.She feels ______ (satisfying / satisfied) with her work. 10.The situation seems ______ (confusing / confused). 三、分词作状语 11.______ (Walking / Walked) in the park, she saw a beautiful flower. 12.______ (Given / Giving) more time, I can finish the task. 13.______ (Hearing / Heard) the news, they jumped for joy. 14.______ (Tired / Tiring) from work, he went straight home. 15.______ (Waiting / Waited) for the bus, I met an old friend. 四、分词作宾语补足语 16.I saw him ______ (crossing / crossed) the road. 17.She had her hair ______ (cutting / cut) yesterday. 18.We heard the children ______ (laughing / laughed) in the garden. 19.The teacher found the students ______ (sleeping / slept) in class. 20.He got his car ______ (washing / washed) this morning. 五、独立主格结构 21.______ (Weather permitting / Weather permitted), we will go hiking. 22.______ (All things considered / Considering all things), he made the right decision. 23.______ (The job finished / The job finishing), they went home. 24.______ (Her mother being ill / Her mother ill), she had to stay at home. 25.______ (Time allowing / Time allowed), we’ll visit the museum. 六、分词时态与语态 26.______ (Having finished / Finished) his homework, he went out to play. 27.______ (Being built / Built) in the 19th century, the bridge is very old. 28.______ (Having been given / Given) the opportunity, she succeeded. 29.______ (Writing / Having written) three letters, he felt relieved. 30.______ (Seen / Seeing) from the top, the city looks beautiful. 总结:解题关键: 非谓语动词的核心在于判断逻辑关系(主动 / 被动)和时间关系(进行 / 完成 / 将来)。 解题时需: 确定句子谓语动词,判断是否需要非谓语形式; 分析非谓语与逻辑主语的关系(主动用 doing,被动用 done); 结合动作发生时间(先于谓语用完成式 having done/having been done)。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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专题9 非谓语动词三大要点归纳(讲义)-黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)
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专题9 非谓语动词三大要点归纳(讲义)-黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)
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专题9 非谓语动词三大要点归纳(讲义)-黑龙江省2026年春季高考一轮复习《英语知识点清单》(原卷版+解析版)
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