内容正文:
编写说明:四川省2026年对口招生一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》(2020年版)及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。
本专题是四川省2026年对口招生一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第5个专题,内容为介词。
2026年四川省对口招生一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题5 介词(讲+练)
【考点解读】
英语介词的一个特点是一词多义,并且介词间语义交叉现象很多,习惯用法也很多,有时很难从词义上区分开来,所以考生在学习中要注意不断总结、熟记一些介词和动词的固定搭配用法及习惯用法。
【思维导图】
【知识点清单一】介词的定义和作用
【要点精讲】
一、介词的定义
介词是一种虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词必须与名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语,在句中可作状语、表语、补语或介词宾语。
二、介词的作用
作用
介词
例句
表示地点
at、 in、 on、 to、 after、 along、 above、 below、 by、 of、 near、 over、 across、 through、 under等
Near the village the boys are skating on the ice.
男孩子们正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。
表示时间
about、 on、 in、 after、 before、 at、 during、 for、 of、 till、 until等
After class he will tell us about the accident.
课后他将告诉我们有关事故的情况。
表示动作
at、 across、 around、 on、 over、 under等
The car is under repair.
汽车在修理中。
表示比较
as、 like、 above、 over、 than等
Chinese is more difficult than English.
和英语相比,汉语难得多。
表示原因
about、 for、 from、 with、 because of等
Business kept me from coming.
我因事不能来。
三、介词的语法功能
语法功能
例句
作定语
The girl in red is my sister.穿红色衣服的那个女孩是我妹妹。
作状语
Can you say it in English?这个你能用英语说吗?
作表语
He's in the office.他在办公室。
作补足语
We made him out of danger.我们使他脱离了危险。
作介词宾语
I saw her from across the street.我从街对面望见了她。
【知识点清单二】表示时间
【要点精讲】
一、at、in、on(in年in月in季节,in后也跟早午晚,on周on日on修饰,at后接时间点)
含义
例句
at
具体时刻点;某些固定短语中
at 7:00, at the moment
in
世纪、年、季节、月;上午、下午、晚上等固定短语
in 1996, in January, in summer,
in the morning
on
具体某天,或具体某天的上午、中午、晚上
on May Day, on the night of February 16th, on a rainy evening
二、in、after、later
用法
例句
in
1、“在.....之内”
2、“in+时间段”,“在……之后”用于将来时,
3、in the past“在过去”,与一般过去时连用
4、“in the past/last+时间段”意为 “在过去的……中",表示从现在 算起的过去的一段时间,包括此时此刻在内,常与现在完成时连用
In the past few years , great changes have taken place in our school.在过去的几年中,我们学校的变化很大。
My father will be back in three days.我父亲将在3天以后回来。
after
1、"在……之后”,与 before相对
2、“after+时间点”与将来时连用
3、"after+时间点/段"与过去时连用
My father will be back after three o'clock. 我父亲将在3点后回来。
My father came back after three days/three days later.我父亲是3天后回来的。
later
“以后,较晚地”,作副词,可以指过去,也可指将来,常常放在时间段的名词之后,也可单独使用
Three days later he got to Beijing.=After
three days he got to Beijing.他3天以后到达了北京。
三、for,from,since
用法
例句
for
“for+时间段”,表示行为或状态持续了多久
Mr.Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retire布朗先生喜欢乡村生活,退休后他在那里生活了差不多15年。
from/since
“from/since+时间点”,表示行为或状态的起始点,而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到说话的时刻,因而常与延续性动词的完成时连用
My younger sister begin to learn dance from the age of five.我的妹妹从5岁开始学习舞蹈。
Tom has been doing his homework since seven o'clock.汤姆从7点开始就一直做他的家庭作业。
四、by、till、until
用法
例句
by
表示“不迟于...在(某时)前”,在某时之前并不晚于某时的任何时间,by后接过去时间,常与过去完成时连用,by后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用表示“在...期间,在...时间内”
All of you are to arrive at school by seven o’clock.
你们所有人必须在7点之前到校。
He worked by night and slept by day.
他晚上工作,白天睡觉。
till/until
意义相同,until是比较正式的用法。肯定句中和延续性动词连用,表示动作一直持续到until后面的时间为止;在否定句中和非延续性动词连用,表示该动作直到until后面的时间才开始
I shall wait until ten o'clock.
我将等到 10点钟。
I didn't go to sleep until midnight.
直到半夜我才睡觉。
【即时训练】
1.He realized he hadn’t studied enough and started cramming ______ the exam.
A.not since long B.long before not C.since not long D.not long before
2.—How long have you been here?
—________the end of last month.
A.In B.By C.At D.Since
3.About 12, 000 people took part in the 2023 Suqian Marathon______April 2.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
4.Shenzhou-15 astronauts completed their first spacewalk __________ February 10th, 2023.
A.at B.in C.for D.on
5.There ______ 5.5 magnitude (震级) earthquake ______ Pingyuan, Shandong province August 6th, 2023.
A.is a; in; in B.was a; in; on C.was an; in; on D.was an; on; in
6.Chengdu held the 31st World University Games ______ the summer of 2023.
A.at B.for C.in D.on
7.John is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ______ 30 minutes.
A.at B.of C.on D.in
8.Tokyo held the 32nd Olympic Games ______ the summer of 2021. ______ the evening of July 23rd, people all over the world watched the opening ceremony.
A.on, On B.in, On C.in, In D.on, In
9.________ the “Walpurgis Night” hike up the Brocken, Faust listens to devil’s complaints about the tiring of continuing ________ foot and the dangers of walking in the dark, and they famously stop half way up.
A.On; on B.At; on C.Up; by D.To; by
10.________a cold winter morning, I met her in the street.
A.In B.On C.At D.For
【知识点清单三】表示地点、方位
【要点精讲】
用法
例句
on
表示“在......上面”(与之相接触)
on the desk
表示位于“海滨,河畔,海岛”
on the island
in
表示“在......里面”(在空间内部)
in the room
in + 大地点
in China
at
at + 小地点
at the park
用于街道号码前
at 78 Nanjing Road
under
表示“在......正下方”(垂直在下)
under the table
over
表示“在......正上方”(与under相对)
over the table
从上方跨越而过
a bridge over the river
below
表示“低于某物”(只表示位置低)
below the top of the mountain
above
表示“在......的上方”(与below相对)
above the mountain
between
表示“在......之间”(两者)
I’m usually busy between Monday and Friday.
among
表示“在......中间”(三者及以上)
She took a seat among the children.
across
“横过;穿过”(从表面)
across the road
through
“穿过”(从内部)
through my finger
past
从旁边经过
He past them without stopping.
to
表示“到……目的地”(强调到达目的地)
I walked to the bus station.
表示接壤
Korea is to the east of China.
towards
表示“向……方向”(指方向)
She had her back towards us.
【即时训练】
1.The workshop he learned wood-carving skills ______ last year has been turned into a museum.
A.in B.on C.during D.that
2.Choose the correct prepositional phrase to complete the sentence: The students were discussing the topic ________ the classroom.
A.in B.at C.on D.within
3.Yuan Longping graduated___________ Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.
A.from B.for C.on D.about
4.The clerk ________ his letter is working in our company.
A.referred B.referred to C.referred to in D.referred in
5.Xizang lies_________ the west of China while Japan lies ________ the east of China.
A.to; to B.in; in C.in; to D.to; in
6.In the West, eating lotus roots or seeds is not as popular as ________.
A.it in Asia B.Asia C.it is in Asia D.is in Asia
7.Activities all take place ______ the guidance of an experienced tutor.
A.at B.in C.on D.under
8.Stranded ________ a beach in Argentina and suffering from severe dehydration were six killer whales each ________ between 3 and 4 tons.
A.on … weighed B.on … weighing
C.off … weighed D.off … weighing
9.The workers will build a new road ________ the two villages.
A.from B.among C.at D.between
10.You should apologize ________ her ________ your rudeness(粗鲁).
A.to ; for B.for; to C.to; to D.for ; for
【知识点清单四】表示方式、方法、手段
【要点精讲】
用法
例句
by
by + 交通工具(on/in + 限定词 + 交通工具)
by bus (in the bus)
“依靠,凭借”+ 名词、代词、动名词(表示用某种方式或手段)
by working hard
with
with + 工具
with a pen
in
in + 某种语言
in English
as
表示“以/作为......的身份/资格/角色”
as a student
like
表示性质性格外貌形状等的“像……”
She is wearing a dress like mine.
than
表示“与……相比”,用于名词或代词前表示比较关系
Your English is much better than mine.
【即时训练】
1.On the desk ________ a Chinese brush ________ he had made drawing.
A.lay; with which B.lied; by which
C.laid; in which D.lay; by which
2.You must finish that task on time ________ any means.
A.by B.with C.in D.on
3.She couldn’t speak, but she made her wishes known ________ gestures.
A.by all means B.by means of C.by no means D.by this means
4.As the saying goes, you can’t judge a book ________ its cover.
A.as B.with C.by D.for
5.Dolphins communicate with each other________ clicks, whistles and calls.
A.through B.across C.on D.in
6.Some students go to school________bike every day.
A.with B.by C.on D.at
7.You will become a better pianist ________ practicing often.
A.in B.by C.on D.with
8.After several months, Ryan had raised the $2000, ________ which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.
A.by B.through C.with D.in
9.—How do you study English?
—I study English____talking with foreign students.
A.by B.on C.at D.up
10.________Han Dynasty was founded with Chang’an ______its capital.
A.The; as B./; being C.The; like D./; to be
【知识点清单五】常考的介词搭配
【要点精讲】
用法
例句
except
不包括本身
Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao.
除了林涛,今天每个人都在学校。
(林涛不在)
except for
except for后所排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的
Your speech is quite good except for a few mistakes in pronunciation.
你的演讲已经很好了,只不过有些发音错误。
besides
包括本身
Besides English, they study World History and Chinese.
除了英语以外,他们还要学习世界历史和汉语。(英语也要学)
but
常用在no、 all、 nobody、 nothing、 who之后(nothing but相当于only)
There is no one but me.
这里除我之外别无他人。
be made of
由……制成
(物理变化,看得出原材料)
This house is made of wood.
这个房子是由木头做的。
be made from
由……制成(化学变化,看不出原材料)
Red wine is made from grapes.
红酒是由葡萄制成的。
be made in
在……(地方)制造
The pens are made in Tianjin.
这些钢笔是在天津制造的。
be made by
由……(人)制造
This desk was made by him. 这张桌子是他做的。
be made up of
由……组成
Our class is made up of 40 students.
我们班由40个学生组成。
call at
访问某地,后接表示地点的名词
He called at the Turner's yesterday.
昨天他到特纳家去了。
call on
访问某人;号召某人,后接表示人的名词或代词
When they called on him, he was out.
他们去拜访他时,他不在家。
call for
要求,提倡
Officials used loud-speakers to call for calm.
官员们用扩音器呼吁大家保持冷静。
be pleased to do sth.
乐意做某事
I am pleased to go along with you.
我很乐意和你一起去。
be pleased with sb./sth.
对某人/某事满意
I am pleased with the result of the experiment.
我对这个实验的结果很满意。
by means of
使用;由于
He succeeded by means of hard work.
由于努力工作,他成功了。
by way of
经由
He will fly to Beijing by way of Shanghai.
他将经由上海飞往北京。
by the way
顺便一提
By the way, have you heard from John?
顺便问一下,你收到约翰的信了吗?
on the/one's way
在去……的途中
On my way home, I came across an old friend.
在回家的途中,我遇到了一位老朋友。
in the/one's way
妨碍;挡道
I felt scared because a dog was in my way.
有条狗挡住了我,我好害怕。
in a way
在某种意义上
I like the new styles in a way.
从某种意义上来说,我喜欢这些新样式。
insist on doing sth.
坚持做某事
He insisted on doing it over again.
他坚持重新做这件事。
persist in doing sth.
坚持要做某事
(多是不好的事情)
He persists in doing the experiment in the same way.
他仍然坚持用同样的方式做这项实验。
go on doing sth.
继续做同一件事
Although it was raining hard, they went on working for another two hours.
尽管雨下得很大,他们仍然继续工作了两个小时。
go on to do sth.
(完成一件事情后)
接着做另外一件事
After the students finished reading the text, they went on to do their homework.
学生完成阅读文章后,继续做他们的家庭作业。
go on with sth.
(停顿后)
继续做同一件事
If you can't finish the work today, you can go on with it tomorrow.
如果今天完不成这项工作,你可以明天继续做。
believe
意为“相信”,后接表示人的名词时,有“相信某人所说的话”之意
I believe you. 我相信你说的话。
believe in
意为“信任(某人的人格)”
We believe in him. 我们相信他的人格。
be angry at+某人的言行
He was angry at what you said.
他对你所说的感到很生气。
be angry about+某件事情
He has told Mary the secret. I am angry about it.
他把秘密告诉了玛丽,这让我很生气。
be angry with+某人
He was angry with himself for making such a mistake.
他对自己犯了这样的错误感到很生气。
at the end后接of
意为“在……末端”
At the end of this month, we will take our final exams.
这个月末,我们将会参加期末考试
by the end后接of
意为“到……为止”,表示从过去某个时间或现在某个时间开始至该名词所表示的时间为止,指一段时间,常与过去完成时
By the end of last term, we had learned 2,000 new words. And by the end of this term, we will have learned another 2,000 new words.
截止到上学期期末,我们已经学了2 000个新单词。截止到这学期期末,我们将会学到另外2 000个单词。
in the end后不接of
意为“最后,终于”,相当于at last
In the end, we succeeded in finishing it on time.
最后,我们按时成功地完成了。
die from
意为“由于……而死;因……致死”,指由除疾病以外的原因致死,尤指环境、事故等造成的死亡,常指意外死亡
He died from a car accident.
他死于车祸。
die of
意为 “因患……而死”,指由于某种疾病或情感等原因而死亡
He died of cancer.
他因患癌症而死。
die for
意为“为……而死”
He died for his family.
他为他的家人而死。
be famous as
意为“作为……身份/称谓/头衔等出名”,as 后的宾语往往与主语是同位语
Hangzhou is famous as the land of Fish and Rice.
杭州以“鱼米之乡”而闻名。
be famous for
意为“因……出名”, for后的宾语一般是主语的从属内容
Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.
杭州因西湖出名。
in the east of
意为“在……的东部”,其主语在of宾语的范围之内
China is in the east of Asia.
中国在亚洲的东部。
(中国在亚洲之内)
to the east of
意为“在……以东”,其主语在of宾语的范围之外
Japan is to the east of China.
日本在中国以东。
(日本与中国隔海相望)
on the east of
意为“在……东部”,有“毗邻”的含义
Germany is on the east of France.
德国在法国的东部。
off
表示“离……一些距离,离……不远的海上”
New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.
新西兰位于澳大利亚东海岸附近。
(新西兰在离澳大利亚不远的海上)
【即时训练】
1.You should keep it ______ mind that you had better not make fun ______ those who are in trouble.
A.at; with B.in; of C.on; by D.over; for
2.In ______ addition to using solar energy, our company also takes ______ advantage of wind energy to care about our environment.
A.an; an B.不填;不填 C.an; the D.the; an
3.Competition is healthy for the society, but pushing it too far ________ mental illness.
A.results from B.as a result C.as a result of D.results in
4.Apart from being the kingdom of flowers, Yunnan ________ many ethnic minority groups.
A.is related to B.is home to C.is used to D.is absorbed to
5.No one can do two things well _________ the same time. You’d better change your way of studying and try to focus _________ one thing at a time.
A.at: on B.in; on C.at; in D.in; at
6.The better use you can make ________ time, the greater contributions you will make ________ society.
A.of; to B.up; for C.on; for D.in; to
7.Many students ______ the basic skills needed to solve complex math problems, which makes it difficult for them to achieve high scores.
A.lack of B.are lacking of
C.lack D.are lacking for
8.The smell of fresh coffee always ______ me ______ my grandmother’s kitchen.
A.reminds; to B.reminds; of C.reminds; about D.reminds; with
9.The businessman founded the charity ________ memory of his late wife, who had engaged ________ many activities to help those in need.
A.by; with B.at; at C.in; in D.on; for
10.The country owes billions of dollars to foreign countries ______ the financial crisis.
A.regardless of B.on behalf of C.owing to D.in memory of
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编写说明:四川省2026年对口招生一轮复习《英语知识点清单》,依据《中等职业学校英语课程标准》(2020年版)及历年高考真题进行编写。本资料将高考必备知识进行科学划分,系统总结归纳知识点,全面梳理高考题型。本专辑共三大部分:第一部分是按照基础语法知识点编写的语法知识清单,第二部分是针对课程标准和高考真题中高频词汇的语言知识清单,第三部分是依据各个高考题型编写的题型技巧清单。每份资料均配备配套讲义、课件和练习题。
本专题是四川省2026年对口招生一轮复习《英语知识点清单》中语法知识清单的第5个专题,内容为介词。
2026年四川省对口招生一轮复习
英语语法知识清单
专题5 介词(讲+练)
【考点解读】
英语介词的一个特点是一词多义,并且介词间语义交叉现象很多,习惯用法也很多,有时很难从词义上区分开来,所以考生在学习中要注意不断总结、熟记一些介词和动词的固定搭配用法及习惯用法。
【思维导图】
【知识点清单一】介词的定义和作用
【要点精讲】
一、介词的定义
介词是一种虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词必须与名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语,在句中可作状语、表语、补语或介词宾语。
二、介词的作用
作用
介词
例句
表示地点
at、 in、 on、 to、 after、 along、 above、 below、 by、 of、 near、 over、 across、 through、 under等
Near the village the boys are skating on the ice.
男孩子们正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。
表示时间
about、 on、 in、 after、 before、 at、 during、 for、 of、 till、 until等
After class he will tell us about the accident.
课后他将告诉我们有关事故的情况。
表示动作
at、 across、 around、 on、 over、 under等
The car is under repair.
汽车在修理中。
表示比较
as、 like、 above、 over、 than等
Chinese is more difficult than English.
和英语相比,汉语难得多。
表示原因
about、 for、 from、 with、 because of等
Business kept me from coming.
我因事不能来。
三、介词的语法功能
语法功能
例句
作定语
The girl in red is my sister.穿红色衣服的那个女孩是我妹妹。
作状语
Can you say it in English?这个你能用英语说吗?
作表语
He's in the office.他在办公室。
作补足语
We made him out of danger.我们使他脱离了危险。
作介词宾语
I saw her from across the street.我从街对面望见了她。
【知识点清单二】表示时间
【要点精讲】
一、at、in、on(in年in月in季节,in后也跟早午晚,on周on日on修饰,at后接时间点)
含义
例句
at
具体时刻点;某些固定短语中
at 7:00, at the moment
in
世纪、年、季节、月;上午、下午、晚上等固定短语
in 1996, in January, in summer,
in the morning
on
具体某天,或具体某天的上午、中午、晚上
on May Day, on the night of February 16th, on a rainy evening
二、in、after、later
用法
例句
in
1、“在.....之内”
2、“in+时间段”,“在……之后”用于将来时,
3、in the past“在过去”,与一般过去时连用
4、“in the past/last+时间段”意为 “在过去的……中",表示从现在 算起的过去的一段时间,包括此时此刻在内,常与现在完成时连用
In the past few years , great changes have taken place in our school.在过去的几年中,我们学校的变化很大。
My father will be back in three days.我父亲将在3天以后回来。
after
1、"在……之后”,与 before相对
2、“after+时间点”与将来时连用
3、"after+时间点/段"与过去时连用
My father will be back after three o'clock. 我父亲将在3点后回来。
My father came back after three days/three days later.我父亲是3天后回来的。
later
“以后,较晚地”,作副词,可以指过去,也可指将来,常常放在时间段的名词之后,也可单独使用
Three days later he got to Beijing.=After
three days he got to Beijing.他3天以后到达了北京。
三、for,from,since
用法
例句
for
“for+时间段”,表示行为或状态持续了多久
Mr.Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retire布朗先生喜欢乡村生活,退休后他在那里生活了差不多15年。
from/since
“from/since+时间点”,表示行为或状态的起始点,而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到说话的时刻,因而常与延续性动词的完成时连用
My younger sister begin to learn dance from the age of five.我的妹妹从5岁开始学习舞蹈。
Tom has been doing his homework since seven o'clock.汤姆从7点开始就一直做他的家庭作业。
四、by、till、until
用法
例句
by
表示“不迟于...在(某时)前”,在某时之前并不晚于某时的任何时间,by后接过去时间,常与过去完成时连用,by后接将来时间,常与将来完成时连用表示“在...期间,在...时间内”
All of you are to arrive at school by seven o’clock.
你们所有人必须在7点之前到校。
He worked by night and slept by day.
他晚上工作,白天睡觉。
till/until
意义相同,until是比较正式的用法。肯定句中和延续性动词连用,表示动作一直持续到until后面的时间为止;在否定句中和非延续性动词连用,表示该动作直到until后面的时间才开始
I shall wait until ten o'clock.
我将等到 10点钟。
I didn't go to sleep until midnight.
直到半夜我才睡觉。
【即时训练】
1.He realized he hadn’t studied enough and started cramming ______ the exam.
A.not since long B.long before not C.since not long D.not long before
【答案】D
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:他意识到自己学得不够,在考试前不久前才开始临时抱佛脚。根据“He realized he hadn’t studied enough”可知,此处指“在考试不久前才开始临时抱佛脚”,not long before“不久之前”符合题意,其他选项短语搭配错误,故选D。
2.—How long have you been here?
—________the end of last month.
A.In B.By C.At D.Since
【答案】D
【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意:——你在这儿多久了?——自从上月底年底。A. In在……里/后;B. By到……为止;C. At在;D. Since自从……以来。根据问句的时态“How long have you been here?”可知,“since+时间点”符合语境,表示“自……起”,故选D。
3.About 12, 000 people took part in the 2023 Suqian Marathon______April 2.
A.at B.on C.in D.to
【答案】B
【详解】考查介词辨析。句意:4月2日,约12000人参加了2023宿迁马拉松比赛。A. at在(某时间或时刻);B. on在(某一天);C. in(某段时间)内;D. to向,朝,往,对着(某方向或某处)。April 2表示具体的一天,前面用时间介词on。故选B项。
4.Shenzhou-15 astronauts completed their first spacewalk __________ February 10th, 2023.
A.at B.in C.for D.on
【答案】D
【详解】考查介词。句意:2023年2月10日,神舟15号宇航员完成了首次太空行走。表示“在具体某一天”应用介词on。故选D项。
5.There ______ 5.5 magnitude (震级) earthquake ______ Pingyuan, Shandong province August 6th, 2023.
A.is a; in; in B.was a; in; on C.was an; in; on D.was an; on; in
【答案】B
【详解】考查冠词,介词,时态和主谓一致。句意:2023年8月6日,山东平原发生5.5级地震。由August 6th, 2023可知,句子描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,earthquake是单数,说明是一次地震,5.5是辅音音素开头,因此前面的不定冠词用a,因此空格处用was a;Pingyuan是一个地方,表示“在平原”介词用in;August 6th, 2023是具体的某一天,表示在具体某天介词用on,故选B。
6.Chengdu held the 31st World University Games ______ the summer of 2023.
A.at B.for C.in D.on
【答案】C
【详解】考查介词。句意:成都于2023年夏季举办了第31届世界大学生运动会。季节前一般用介词in。故选C。
7.John is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ______ 30 minutes.
A.at B.of C.on D.in
【答案】D
【详解】考查介词。句意:约翰很着急,因为去机场的火车30分钟后就要开了。根据句意可知,火车应该是要在30分钟后离开,介词in+一段时间表示“一段时间后”,符合句意。故选D。
8.Tokyo held the 32nd Olympic Games ______ the summer of 2021. ______ the evening of July 23rd, people all over the world watched the opening ceremony.
A.on, On B.in, On C.in, In D.on, In
【答案】B
【详解】考查介词。句意:东京于2021年夏天举办了第32届奥运会。7月23日晚,世界各地的人们观看了开幕式。分析句子结构可知,具体某年的某个季节前用介词in,具体某一天的早上,下午和晚上用介词on。故选B项。
9.________ the “Walpurgis Night” hike up the Brocken, Faust listens to devil’s complaints about the tiring of continuing ________ foot and the dangers of walking in the dark, and they famously stop half way up.
A.On; on B.At; on C.Up; by D.To; by
【答案】A
【详解】考查介词。句意:在“瓦尔普吉斯之夜”徒步攀登布罗肯时,浮士德听着魔鬼抱怨继续徒步的疲惫和在黑暗中行走的危险,他们在中途停下来。表示具体某一天的夜晚,用介词on。on foot徒步。根据句意,故填A。
10.________a cold winter morning, I met her in the street.
A.In B.On C.At D.For
【答案】B
【详解】考查介词。句意:在冬天的一个寒冷早上,我在街上见过她。指在具体某天的早/中/晚应用介词on。故选B项。
【知识点清单三】表示地点、方位
【要点精讲】
用法
例句
on
表示“在......上面”(与之相接触)
on the desk
表示位于“海滨,河畔,海岛”
on the island
in
表示“在......里面”(在空间内部)
in the room
in + 大地点
in China
at
at + 小地点
at the park
用于街道号码前
at 78 Nanjing Road
under
表示“在......正下方”(垂直在下)
under the table
over
表示“在......正上方”(与under相对)
over the table
从上方跨越而过
a bridge over the river
below
表示“低于某物”(只表示位置低)
below the top of the mountain
above
表示“在......的上方”(与below相对)
above the mountain
between
表示“在......之间”(两者)
I’m usually busy between Monday and Friday.
among
表示“在......中间”(三者及以上)
She took a seat among the children.
across
“横过;穿过”(从表面)
across the road
through
“穿过”(从内部)
through my finger
past
从旁边经过
He past them without stopping.
to
表示“到……目的地”(强调到达目的地)
I walked to the bus station.
表示接壤
Korea is to the east of China.
towards
表示“向……方向”(指方向)
She had her back towards us.
【即时训练】
1.The workshop he learned wood-carving skills ______ last year has been turned into a museum.
A.in B.on C.during D.that
【答案】A
【详解】考查介词表地点方位。句意:他去年学习木雕技艺的那个车间已经被改建成了一个博物馆。本句为包含定语从句的复合句,修饰先行词the workshop,表示“在车间里学习木雕技艺”,用介词 in。故选 A 项。
2.Choose the correct prepositional phrase to complete the sentence: The students were discussing the topic ________ the classroom.
A.in B.at C.on D.within
【答案】A
【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意:选择正确的介词短语完成句子:学生们正在教室里讨论这个话题。A. in表示“在某区域内,在一个空间的内部,在……里面”;B. at表示在某地点,强调在某个位置点;C. on表示“在……之上”,并与之相接触;D. within在……限度内;在(某段距离)内。根据后文“the classroom”此处指在教室里,应用介词in,故选A。
3.Yuan Longping graduated___________ Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.
A.from B.for C.on D.about
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词短语。句意:袁隆平1953年毕业于西南农学院。分析句子可知,这里考查动词短语graduate from,意为“毕业于”。故选A。
4.The clerk ________ his letter is working in our company.
A.referred B.referred to C.referred to in D.referred in
【答案】C
【详解】考查非谓语动词和介词。句意:他信中提到的那个职员在我们公司工作。分析句子结构可知refer to与逻辑主语clerk构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语;表示“在某人的信中”应用in one's lestter。故选C。
5.Xizang lies_________ the west of China while Japan lies ________ the east of China.
A.to; to B.in; in C.in; to D.to; in
【答案】C
【详解】考查介词。句意:西藏在中国的西部,日本在中国的东部。介词in,词义为“在……里面”,表示一个地方在另一个地方的内部;介词to,强调两个地方不接壤。故选C。
6.In the West, eating lotus roots or seeds is not as popular as ________.
A.it in Asia B.Asia C.it is in Asia D.is in Asia
【答案】C
【详解】考查比较句。句意:在西方,吃莲藕或莲子不像在亚洲那么受欢迎。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查比较句,比较对象是“在东西方人们吃莲藕或莲子的习惯”,比较句中可以用it代替eating lotus roots or seeds。故选C。
7.Activities all take place ______ the guidance of an experienced tutor.
A.at B.in C.on D.under
【答案】D
【详解】考查介词。句意:所有活动都在经验丰富的导师的指导下进行。A. at在某个时刻或地点;B. in在……里;C. on在……上;D. under在……下。under the guidance of sb.表示“在某人的带领下”符合句意,且为固定短语。故选D项。
8.Stranded ________ a beach in Argentina and suffering from severe dehydration were six killer whales each ________ between 3 and 4 tons.
A.on … weighed B.on … weighing
C.off … weighed D.off … weighing
【答案】B
【详解】考查介词和非谓语动词。句意:六头虎鲸搁浅在阿根廷的海滩上,严重脱水,每头体重在3到4吨之间。固定短语strand on,意为“搁浅”;本句谓语动词是were,weigh是非谓语动词,此处意为“测出重量”,是不及物动词,应用现在分词形式做定语。故选B项。
9.The workers will build a new road ________ the two villages.
A.from B.among C.at D.between
【答案】D
【详解】考查介词。句意:工人们将会在两个村子之间修建一条新的公路。A.from自,从;B.among在...之间(三者及以上)C.at 在;D.between 在两者之间。结合句意,故选择D项。
10.You should apologize ________ her ________ your rudeness(粗鲁).
A.to ; for B.for; to C.to; to D.for ; for
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词搭配。句意:你应该为你的粗鲁向她道歉。根据句意, to为介词,表对象或方向,“(引出接受者)给,予,向……”,for为介词,表原因,意为“因为;由于……”,“因某事向某人道歉”应译为apologize to sb. for sth.,综上,故选A。
【知识点清单四】表示方式、方法、手段
【要点精讲】
用法
例句
by
by + 交通工具(on/in + 限定词 + 交通工具)
by bus (in the bus)
“依靠,凭借”+ 名词、代词、动名词(表示用某种方式或手段)
by working hard
with
with + 工具
with a pen
in
in + 某种语言
in English
as
表示“以/作为......的身份/资格/角色”
as a student
like
表示性质性格外貌形状等的“像……”
She is wearing a dress like mine.
than
表示“与……相比”,用于名词或代词前表示比较关系
Your English is much better than mine.
【即时训练】
1.On the desk ________ a Chinese brush ________ he had made drawing.
A.lay; with which B.lied; by which
C.laid; in which D.lay; by which
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析、介词和定语从句。句意:桌子上放着一支他用来画画的毛笔。A. lay躺;位于;B. lied说谎;C. laid放置(lay的过去式和过去分词);D. lay放置。表示方位的介副词置于句首,句子用全部倒装,主句主语是“a Chinese brush”,故此处表示“一只毛笔位于桌子上”,有下文的had made可知,主句用一般过去时,可知此处用lie的过去式lay;第二空为介词+which引导的定语从句,固定搭配draw with意为“用……画”,所以用with which引导定语从句。故选A项。
2.You must finish that task on time ________ any means.
A.by B.with C.in D.on
【答案】A
【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意:无论如何你必须按时完成任务。A. by用……手段;B.with和…一起;C. in在…里面;D. on在……上。短语by any means表示“无论如何”。故选A项。
3.She couldn’t speak, but she made her wishes known ________ gestures.
A.by all means B.by means of C.by no means D.by this means
【答案】B
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:她不会说话,但她用手势表达她的愿望。A. by all means务必,无论如何,当然可以;B. by means of借助于,靠;C. by no means决不;D.by this means通过这种方式。分析句子结构可知,句中,介词短语作方式状语,修饰动词短语“made her wishes known”。由语意可知,不会说话的她“借助于”手势,使别人知道了她的愿望。故选B项。
4.As the saying goes, you can’t judge a book ________ its cover.
A.as B.with C.by D.for
【答案】C
【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意:俗话说得好,不能以貌取人。A. as作为;B. with用;C. by通过,凭借;D. for为了。本俗语字面含义为:不要凭借一本书的封面来判断一本书,所以用介词by。故选C。
5.Dolphins communicate with each other________ clicks, whistles and calls.
A.through B.across C.on D.in
【答案】A
【详解】考查介词。句意:海豚通过咔哒声、口哨声和叫声相互交流。此处表示通过……方式交流,through通过,凭借……;故符合句意。故选A。
6.Some students go to school________bike every day.
A.with B.by C.on D.at
【答案】B
【详解】考查介词短语。句意:一些学生每天骑自行车上学。短语by bike 意为骑自行车,by表方式+交通工具,故选择B项。
7.You will become a better pianist ________ practicing often.
A.in B.by C.on D.with
【答案】B
【详解】考查介词辨析。句意:通过经常练习,你会成为一个更好的钢琴家。A. in在里面;B. by通过;C. on在上面;D. with和,具有。表示方式,意为“通过”,后跟动名词作宾语,应用介词by。故选B。
8.After several months, Ryan had raised the $2000, ________ which a well was built near a primary school in Uganda.
A.by B.through C.with D.in
【答案】C
【详解】考查介词。句意:几个月后,瑞安筹集了2000美元,用这笔钱在乌干达一所小学附近建了一口井。A. by靠近,通过;B. through穿过;C. with和,用;D. in在里面。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the $2000,表示“用这笔钱”应用介词with。故选C。
9.—How do you study English?
—I study English____talking with foreign students.
A.by B.on C.at D.up
【答案】A
【详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意:——你怎么学英语的?——我通过和外国学生交谈来学习英语。A. by 通过……方式,借助;B. on 在……上面; C. at 在(表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间); D. up向(较高位置)。 结合后文“talking with foreign students”可知此处指通过和外国学生交谈的方式来学习英语,应用by。故选A。
10.________Han Dynasty was founded with Chang’an ______its capital.
A.The; as B./; being C.The; like D./; to be
【答案】A
【详解】考查冠词及介词。句意:汉朝建立,定都长安。第一个空考查冠词的用法,在朝代名词前需用定冠词the,故第一空选the,排除B、D选项;“as”作介词时有“作为”之意;“like”作介词表“像”,根据句意应当是以长安作为都城,故选A项。
【知识点清单五】常考的介词搭配
【要点精讲】
用法
例句
except
不包括本身
Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao.
除了林涛,今天每个人都在学校。
(林涛不在)
except for
except for后所排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的
Your speech is quite good except for a few mistakes in pronunciation.
你的演讲已经很好了,只不过有些发音错误。
besides
包括本身
Besides English, they study World History and Chinese.
除了英语以外,他们还要学习世界历史和汉语。(英语也要学)
but
常用在no、 all、 nobody、 nothing、 who之后(nothing but相当于only)
There is no one but me.
这里除我之外别无他人。
be made of
由……制成
(物理变化,看得出原材料)
This house is made of wood.
这个房子是由木头做的。
be made from
由……制成(化学变化,看不出原材料)
Red wine is made from grapes.
红酒是由葡萄制成的。
be made in
在……(地方)制造
The pens are made in Tianjin.
这些钢笔是在天津制造的。
be made by
由……(人)制造
This desk was made by him. 这张桌子是他做的。
be made up of
由……组成
Our class is made up of 40 students.
我们班由40个学生组成。
call at
访问某地,后接表示地点的名词
He called at the Turner's yesterday.
昨天他到特纳家去了。
call on
访问某人;号召某人,后接表示人的名词或代词
When they called on him, he was out.
他们去拜访他时,他不在家。
call for
要求,提倡
Officials used loud-speakers to call for calm.
官员们用扩音器呼吁大家保持冷静。
be pleased to do sth.
乐意做某事
I am pleased to go along with you.
我很乐意和你一起去。
be pleased with sb./sth.
对某人/某事满意
I am pleased with the result of the experiment.
我对这个实验的结果很满意。
by means of
使用;由于
He succeeded by means of hard work.
由于努力工作,他成功了。
by way of
经由
He will fly to Beijing by way of Shanghai.
他将经由上海飞往北京。
by the way
顺便一提
By the way, have you heard from John?
顺便问一下,你收到约翰的信了吗?
on the/one's way
在去……的途中
On my way home, I came across an old friend.
在回家的途中,我遇到了一位老朋友。
in the/one's way
妨碍;挡道
I felt scared because a dog was in my way.
有条狗挡住了我,我好害怕。
in a way
在某种意义上
I like the new styles in a way.
从某种意义上来说,我喜欢这些新样式。
insist on doing sth.
坚持做某事
He insisted on doing it over again.
他坚持重新做这件事。
persist in doing sth.
坚持要做某事
(多是不好的事情)
He persists in doing the experiment in the same way.
他仍然坚持用同样的方式做这项实验。
go on doing sth.
继续做同一件事
Although it was raining hard, they went on working for another two hours.
尽管雨下得很大,他们仍然继续工作了两个小时。
go on to do sth.
(完成一件事情后)
接着做另外一件事
After the students finished reading the text, they went on to do their homework.
学生完成阅读文章后,继续做他们的家庭作业。
go on with sth.
(停顿后)
继续做同一件事
If you can't finish the work today, you can go on with it tomorrow.
如果今天完不成这项工作,你可以明天继续做。
believe
意为“相信”,后接表示人的名词时,有“相信某人所说的话”之意
I believe you. 我相信你说的话。
believe in
意为“信任(某人的人格)”
We believe in him. 我们相信他的人格。
be angry at+某人的言行
He was angry at what you said.
他对你所说的感到很生气。
be angry about+某件事情
He has told Mary the secret. I am angry about it.
他把秘密告诉了玛丽,这让我很生气。
be angry with+某人
He was angry with himself for making such a mistake.
他对自己犯了这样的错误感到很生气。
at the end后接of
意为“在……末端”
At the end of this month, we will take our final exams.
这个月末,我们将会参加期末考试
by the end后接of
意为“到……为止”,表示从过去某个时间或现在某个时间开始至该名词所表示的时间为止,指一段时间,常与过去完成时
By the end of last term, we had learned 2,000 new words. And by the end of this term, we will have learned another 2,000 new words.
截止到上学期期末,我们已经学了2 000个新单词。截止到这学期期末,我们将会学到另外2 000个单词。
in the end后不接of
意为“最后,终于”,相当于at last
In the end, we succeeded in finishing it on time.
最后,我们按时成功地完成了。
die from
意为“由于……而死;因……致死”,指由除疾病以外的原因致死,尤指环境、事故等造成的死亡,常指意外死亡
He died from a car accident.
他死于车祸。
die of
意为 “因患……而死”,指由于某种疾病或情感等原因而死亡
He died of cancer.
他因患癌症而死。
die for
意为“为……而死”
He died for his family.
他为他的家人而死。
be famous as
意为“作为……身份/称谓/头衔等出名”,as 后的宾语往往与主语是同位语
Hangzhou is famous as the land of Fish and Rice.
杭州以“鱼米之乡”而闻名。
be famous for
意为“因……出名”, for后的宾语一般是主语的从属内容
Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.
杭州因西湖出名。
in the east of
意为“在……的东部”,其主语在of宾语的范围之内
China is in the east of Asia.
中国在亚洲的东部。
(中国在亚洲之内)
to the east of
意为“在……以东”,其主语在of宾语的范围之外
Japan is to the east of China.
日本在中国以东。
(日本与中国隔海相望)
on the east of
意为“在……东部”,有“毗邻”的含义
Germany is on the east of France.
德国在法国的东部。
off
表示“离……一些距离,离……不远的海上”
New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.
新西兰位于澳大利亚东海岸附近。
(新西兰在离澳大利亚不远的海上)
【即时训练】
1.You should keep it ______ mind that you had better not make fun ______ those who are in trouble.
A.at; with B.in; of C.on; by D.over; for
【答案】B
【详解】考查固定介词搭配。句意:你应该记住,你最好不要取笑那些处于困境中的人。此处考查固定搭配keep in mind“记住”和make fun of“取笑”。故选B项。
2.In ______ addition to using solar energy, our company also takes ______ advantage of wind energy to care about our environment.
A.an; an B.不填;不填 C.an; the D.the; an
【答案】B
【详解】考查冠词。句意:除了使用太阳能,我们公司还利用风能来关心我们的环境。第一空为固定搭配in addition to“除了……之外”;第二空为固定短语take advantage of“利用”,空处无需任何冠词。故选B项。
3.Competition is healthy for the society, but pushing it too far ________ mental illness.
A.results from B.as a result C.as a result of D.results in
【答案】D
【详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意:竞争对社会的健康发展有益,但过于激烈会导致精神疾病。A. results from由……导致;B. as a result结果;C. as a result of作为……的结果;D. results in导致。根据“pushing it too far ”可知,过于激烈导致精神疾病,故选D。
4.Apart from being the kingdom of flowers, Yunnan ________ many ethnic minority groups.
A.is related to B.is home to C.is used to D.is absorbed to
【答案】B
【详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意:除了是花的世界,云南也是许多少数民族的家园。A. is related to与……有关;B. is home to……的家园;C. is used to习惯于;D. is absorbed to无此搭配。根据句意可知,此处表示云南是许多少数民族的家园,应用固定搭配be home to,故选B。
5.No one can do two things well _________ the same time. You’d better change your way of studying and try to focus _________ one thing at a time.
A.at: on B.in; on C.at; in D.in; at
【答案】A
【详解】考查短语搭配。句意:没有人能同时做好两件事。你最好改变你的学习方式,试着一次专注于一件事。第一空与空后“the same time”搭配,应用介词at,构成短语at the same time,表示“同时”;第二空与空前“focus”搭配,应用介词on,构成短语focus on表示“专注于”。故选A。
6.The better use you can make ________ time, the greater contributions you will make ________ society.
A.of; to B.up; for C.on; for D.in; to
【答案】A
【详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意:你能更好地利用时间,你对社会的贡献就越大。第一空为短语make use of表示“利用”;第二空为短语make contributions to表示“对……做出贡献”。故选A。
7.Many students ______ the basic skills needed to solve complex math problems, which makes it difficult for them to achieve high scores.
A.lack of B.are lacking of
C.lack D.are lacking for
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词和固定搭配。句意:许多学生缺乏解决复杂数学问题所需的基本技能,这使得他们很难取得高分。空格处是谓语动词,所以选项中的lack是动词,动词lack是及物动词,后面可以跟名词作宾语,不与介词of搭配,排除A和B项。lack for是固定搭配,一般与否定意义的词搭配,如lack for nothing“没有欠缺”,所以排除D项。故选C项。
8.The smell of fresh coffee always ______ me ______ my grandmother’s kitchen.
A.reminds; to B.reminds; of C.reminds; about D.reminds; with
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词短语、介词。句意:新鲜咖啡的香气总是让我想起祖母的厨房。remind sb of sth是固定短语,表示“使某人想起某事”。故选B项。
9.The businessman founded the charity ________ memory of his late wife, who had engaged ________ many activities to help those in need.
A.by; with B.at; at C.in; in D.on; for
【答案】C
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:这位商人创办了这个慈善机构以纪念他已故的妻子,她生前参加了许多帮助有需要的人的活动。“in memory of”是固定短语,意为“为了纪念……”;“engage in”也是固定搭配,意思是“参加,从事”。所以第一空填“in”,第二空填“in”,故选C。
10.The country owes billions of dollars to foreign countries ______ the financial crisis.
A.regardless of B.on behalf of C.owing to D.in memory of
【答案】C
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。 句意:由于金融危机,该国欠外国数十亿美元。A. regardless of不管,不顾; B. on behalf of代表; C. owing to由于,因为; D. in memory of纪念。根据句意可知,由于金融危机,该国欠外国数十亿美元。故选C。
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