Topic 7 高频热点话题阅读与写作之环境保护（讲练）-【上好课】2025年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（湖南专用）

专题18 Topic 7 环境保护 在湖南中考英语考题中，环境保护是一个高频出现的话题。随着全球环境问题日益严峻，对学生环保意识和相关表达能力的考查愈发重要。此类题目通常要求学生描述环境现状、分析环境问题产生的原因，并提出相应的解决措施或倡导环保行动。 通过对环境保护话题的书面表达练习，学生应达到以下目标: 掌握与环境相关的词汇和短语，如“pollution(污染)“environment protection(环境保护)”“recycle.(回收利用)”等。 能够清晰地描述环境问题的表现，如空气污染、水污染、垃圾堆积等。 学会运用逻辑连接词，如“firstly(首先)”“secondly(其次)…fnally(最后)”等，使文章结构清晰、层次分明。 提出切实可行的环保建议和措施，展现自己的思考和解决问题的能力。 培养环保意识，在写作中传递积极的环保态度和价值观。 （2023湖南永州卷）Passage A Have you ever noticed plastic waste everywhere in your community? Dr. Aboubacar Kampo has. He was living in Côte d’Ivoire, a country on the coast of West Africa, where plastic is a big environmental problem, compared with water and air pollution. Côte d’Ivoire’s biggest city, Abidjan, produces more than 300 tons of plastic rubbish a day, and only about 5% is recycled. “How can we turn plastic into something useful?” Kampo wondered. So Kampo,who works for UNICEF, the United Nations Children’s Fund, googled, researched, and then noticed a company in Colombia, a country in South America. Plastic pollution is a problem there, too. Conceptos Plásticos, the Colombian company that Kampo read about online, recycles plastic waste and turns it into big, Lego-like bricks（砖）for building schools and houses. Next, Kampo went to Colombia to learn about the company in person. He toured schools that were built with its bricks and the factory where the bricks were made. “Conceptos Plásticos gave us a solution.” Kampo said. He thought it could help with more than just the plastic problem. It could also improve children’s education. According to UNICEF, 1.6 million children in Côte d’Ivoire don’t go to school. One reason is that there aren’t enough classrooms. For kids who do go to school, classrooms are often very crowded. Kids often sit on the floor and can’t stand up because there isn’t room to move around. In 2018, UNICEF built its first classrooms in Abidjan, using bricks produced in Colombia by Conceptos Plásticos. Right away, the local education improved a lot. People couldn’t believe it at the beginning, that the classrooms were made of plastic. But now all the parents want their children in these classrooms. By the end of 2021 UNICEF had built 528 classrooms in Côte d’Ivoire. The new Conceptos Plásticos factory in Abidjan will soon be producing bricks from rubbish collected in children’s playgrounds and on the beach. The environmental influence is huge. Kampo says it takes about five and a half tons of plastic and just a few weeks to build a classroom. Unlike traditional building, no cement（水泥）is needed. “It’s just a hammer（锤子）and those bricks.” he added. 1. What is the main problem Côte d’Ivoire faces? A. Plastic pollution. B. Water pollution. C. Air pollution. 2. What can we learn about Conceptos Plásticos? A. It’s a company in West Africa. B. It recycles plastic waste online. C. It offers bricks for building the classrooms in Abidjan. 3. Which of the following best describes the parents about their kids’ future in Paragraph 5? A. Doubtful. B. Excited. C. Surprised. 4. How many tons of plastic are needed to build a classroom? A. About 5.5 tons. B. Only about 15 tons. C. More than 300 tons. 5. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Building Green B. An introduction to Kampo C. Côte d’Ivoire’s Environmental Proble 【答案】1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A 【导语】本文主要介绍了哥伦比亚公司Conceptos Plasticos 回收塑料垃圾并将其制成砖块，用于建造学校和房屋的故事。 【1题详解】细节理解题。根据"He was living in Cote d'Ivoire, a country on the coast of West Africa, where plastic is a big environmental problem , compared with water and air pollution."可知Cote d Tvoire主要面对的是塑料污染，故选A。 【2题详解】细节理解题。根据"In 2018,UNICEF built its first classrooms in Abidjan, using bricks produced in Colombia by Conceptos Plasticos.”可知它为在Abidjan建造教室提供砖块。故选C。 【3题详解】推理判断题。根据""People couldn't believe it at the beginning, that the classrooms were made of plastic. But now all the parents want their children in these classrooms.”(一开始人们不敢相信教室是用塑料做的。但是现在所有的父母都希望他们的孩子在这些教室里。〉可知父母对孩子的未来很激动，期待他们都在这样的教室里，故选B。 【4题详解】细节理解题。根据“"Kampo says it takes about five and a half tons of plastic and just a few weeks to build a classroom.”可知建造一间教室需要5.5吨塑料，故选A。 【5题详解】最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了哥伦比亚公司Conceptos Plasticos回收塑料垃圾并将其制成砖块，用于建造学校和房屋的故事，所以A选项最符合，故选A。 （2023湖南张家界卷）Passage B Going green makes a big difference in our life. I’m Jessica Wong. Today I’ll tell you what my family does every day to save the earth. It’s reported that a common family produces more than one ton of rubbish a year. Some of this waste takes hundreds of years to decay. Also, it costs much money to buy new things to take the place of the things we throw away. In order to protect the environment and save money, my family has recycled everything. On the one hand, we collect used things every day, such as paper, bottles and boxes, and put them into different bins. Then they are sent to a recycling center. Finally, they are treated and can be used again. Recycling will help reduce a lot of waste. On the other hand, we use old clothes to make different kinds of bags. I especially like to use old jeans to make bags. These cute and useful bags are popular with young people. As a result, I open a small shop and set up a website to sell them online. What’s more, my parents and my brother often go to work by bike. If it rains, they’ll take the bus. We’re also going to grow our own vegetables, raise cows, keep hens and ducks. Soon, we’ll be able to have eggs and milk for meals. What a difference we make for our earth! 1. How much rubbish does a common family produce? A. Two hundred kilos. B. One ton. C. Over one ton. 2. The underlined word “decay” in the passage means ______ in Chinese. A. 腐烂 B. 浪费 C. 运送 3. What are the bags made of in Jessica’s shops? A. Paper. B. Old clothes. C. Boxes. 4. How does Jessica’s brother often go to work? A. By bike. B. By car. C. By bus. 5. According to this passage, what do we know? A. Going green makes little difference in our life. B. Jessica’s bags are popular with all people. C. We can do small things to help save our earth. 【答案】1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.C 【导语】本文主要介绍Jessica Wong一家为了环保所做的事。 【1题详解】细节理解题。根据"It 's reported that a common family produces more than one ton of rubbish a year."可知，据报道，一个普通家庭每年产生一吨多的垃圾。故选C。 【2题详解】词句猜测题。分析"It 's reported that a common family produces more than one ton of rubbish a year. Some of this waste takes hundreds of years to decay."可知，据报道，一个普通家庭每年产生一吨多的垃圾，其中一些废物需要数百年时间，由此推知，应该是需要数百年时间腐烂。故选A。 【3题详解】细节理解题。根据"On the other hand, we use old clothes to make different kinds of bags."可知，用旧衣服做不同种类的包。故选B。 【4题详解】细节理解题。根据""What 's more, my parents and my brother often go to work by bike."可知，父母和哥哥弟弟经常骑自行车去上班。故选A。 【5题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，Jessica Wong一家做的都是保护环境的小事，但却对地球产生很大的影响。故选C。 阅读词汇： 1. 53 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 environment 环境 pollution 污染 recycle 回收利用 climate 气候 energy 能源 waste 废物 forest 森林 ocean 海洋 wildlife 野生动物 ecosystem 生态系统 sustainable 可持续的 renewable 可再生的 carbon 碳 global warming 全球变暖 deforestation 滥砍滥伐 greenhouse effect 温室效应 plastic 塑料 emission 排放 conservation 保护 resource 资源 eco-friendly 环保的 litter 垃圾 air quality 空气质量 solar power 太阳能 wind energy 风能 habitat 栖息地 endangered 濒危的 biodiversity 生物多样性 contamination 污染 plant trees 植树 protect 保护 reduce 减少 reuse 重复使用 disposable 一次性的 natural disaster 自然灾害 ozone layer 臭氧层 acid rain 酸雨 drought 干旱 flood 洪水 extinction 灭绝 compost 堆肥 filter 过滤 volunteer 志愿者 campaign 活动 awareness 意识 efficient 高效的 toxic 有毒的 public transport 公共交通 garbage classification 垃圾分类 environmental protection 环境保护 高频短语： 1. save energy 节约能源 2. reduce waste 减少浪费 3. cut down on pollution 减少污染 4. protect endangered species 保护濒危物种 5. use public transport 使用公共交通 6. sort garbage 垃圾分类 7. plant more trees 多种树 8. turn off lights 关灯 9. save water 节约用水 10. limit plastic use 限制塑料使用 11. promote recycling 推广回收 12. fight climate change 应对气候变化 13. raise environmental awareness 提高环保意识 14. use renewable energy 使用可再生能源 15. avoid disposable products 避免一次性产品 16. clean up beaches 清理海滩 17. reduce carbon footprint 减少碳足迹 18. support eco-friendly policies 支持环保政策 19. prevent air pollution 防止空气污染 20. join environmental campaigns 参与环保活动 写作句式： 1. it is our duty to protect the environment for future generations. （保护环境是我们对后代的责任。） 2. reducing plastic use can significantly decrease ocean pollution. （减少塑料使用能大幅降低海洋污染。） 3. if everyone plants a tree, the world will become greener and healthier. （如果每个人都种一棵树，世界将变得更绿、更健康。） 4. using public transport instead of driving alone helps reduce carbon emissions. （使用公共交通而非独自开车有助于减少碳排放。） 5. recycling paper and bottles is an effective way to save natural resources. （回收纸张和瓶子是节约自然资源的有效方法。） 6. we should raise awareness about the importance of protecting endangered animals. （我们应提高保护濒危动物重要性的意识。） 7. switching to solar energy is a key step towards sustainable development. （转向太阳能是迈向可持续发展的重要一步。） 8. by sorting garbage, we can make recycling easier and protect the environment. （通过垃圾分类，我们能更方便地回收并保护环境。） 阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 ①Locals Care for Natural World Grasslands and lakes in Sanjiangyuan have taken on a new look and many wild animals have come back. On January 24，2003，China set up Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve to protect the area and the wildlife. Local people joined in the project，picking up waste and protecting the animals. ②China Successfully Grows Rice in Space How to grow food in space if humans live there one day？For nearly 40 years，China has developed over 260 new types of seeds （种子） in space. Recently growing rice at Tiangong Space Station makes a big step forward. It can also solve food problems on Earth. ③Doctors Sent to West Africa Doctors are flying to an island off the coast of West Africa after a new flu broke out. They will test different medicines to find a way to deal with it. To get things better，they will also offer medical care and help train local nurses there. ④Scientists Fight against Plastic Pollution A natural material，fungi （真菌），used to break down a type of plastic called polypropylene turned out to be useful. Scientists at the University of Sydney found that after 90 days，between 25% and 27% of polypropylene broke down and after 140 days，polypropylene became completely safe. 1．Which passages are about environmental protection？ A．①② B．②③ C．①④ 2．What can we learn from the passage？ A．Locals in Sanjiangyuan picked up waste and protected the animals for a living. B．Scientists discovered fungi could break down polypropylene. C．Doctors have known how to deal with the new flu in West Africa. 3．What's the theme shared by all the passages？ A．Problems and Efforts. B．Duties and Success. C．Challenges and Chances. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要介绍了针对环境、粮食等问题做出的努力。 1．细节理解题。根据 ①Locals Care for Natural World① 当地人关心自然世界， ②China Successfully Grows Rice in Space②China Successfully Grows Rice in Space ，③Doctors Sent to West Africa③ 医生被派往西非，④Scientists Fight against Plastic Pollution④ 科学家与塑料污染作斗争，可知 ①④ 是关于环境保护的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据最后一段 A natural material，fungi （真菌），used to break down a type of plastic called polypropylene turned out to be useful. 一种天然材料，真菌，用于分解一种名为聚丙烯的塑料，结果证明是有用的，可知科学家发现真菌可以分解聚丙烯。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。第一篇文章讲的是三江源自然保护区的建立，当地民众参与清理垃圾、保护动物。第二篇文章讲的是中国在空间站成功种植水稻，解决未来太空中的食物问题，同时也能解决地球上的粮食问题。第三篇文章提到医生被派往西非应对新流感爆发，测试药物、提供医疗帮助和培训当地护士。这里的问题是流感疫情，努力是派遣医疗团队和提供援助。第四篇讲的是科学家利用真菌分解聚丙烯塑料，经过实验发现有效。这里的问题是塑料污染，解决的努力是科学研究和技术应用。每个案例都涉及一个问题（环境破坏、太空食物、疫情、塑料污染）以及为解决这些问题所做的努力（保护措施、太空种植、医疗援助、科学研究），可知主题应该是围绕问题以及应对这些问题的努力 。故选A。 阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 Julie Andersen's great interest in diving (潜水) led to her love for sharks and the ocean. She turned her love into a job and started ocean conservation groups. Conservation is the act of keeping or protecting something. Conservation work includes protecting art, animals in danger and the other parts of the natural environment. Andersen began diving in 1995. She started diving in places that are famous for sharks. Unluckily, the number of sharks there became smaller and smaller. Soon she realized that she must do something for them. So she founded the Shark Angels and helped people around the world learn about sharks. She even sold her house to support Shark Angels. Twenty years later, she is still working. As a leader of Professional Association of Diving Instructors(PADI), Andersen believes PADI is a good industry to encourage people to keep on saving sharks and their ocean homes. She often says, "I am filled with hope. The past several years have taught me that a single person can make a difference. And I am sure we can make a bigger difference together." Andersen sets a good example to other people in the world. Now more and more people are entering the diving industry and getting to know the importance of protecting sharks and their ocean homes. Actually, Andersen's goal is to make it possible for everyone to experience, fall in love with and, in turn, protect our world's largest and most valuable ecosystem (生态系统). "The ocean gives us life. We need to do the same in return and leave our blue planet better than we found it." Andersen says. 4．Which of the following is "conservation" according to the passage? A．Saving tigers. B．Feeding the fish. C．Drawing pictures. 5．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Andersen studied hard to protect sharks. B．Andersen helped people learn about diving. C．Andersen did a lot to support Shark Angels. 6．What's the result of Andersen's effort? A．PADI has been the largest diving industry. B．More people have joined in protecting sharks. C．PADI has got many prizes in saving sharks. 7．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To discuss the importance of PADI. B．To introduce a lady's journey of shark protection. C．To explain the meaning of ecosystem. 【答案】4．A 5．C 6．B 7．B 【解析】【分析】原文主要讲述了Julie Andersen对鲨鱼和海洋的热爱，以及她如何将这种热爱转化为保护工作，并通过成立Shark Angels等组织来推动鲨鱼保护。 4．推理判断题。根据"Conservation work includes protecting art,animals in danger and the other parts of the natural environment."可知，保护工作包括保护艺术、濒危动物和自然环境的其他部分。A选项"Saving tigers"（拯救老虎）是保护动物的一个例子，与原文中的"animals in danger"相符。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据"She even sold her house to support Shark Angels."可知，Andersen为了支持Shark Angels甚至卖掉了自己的房子。C选项"Andersen做了很多来支持Shark Angels"与原文中的信息相符。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据"Now more and more people are entering the diving industry and getting to know the importance of protecting sharks and their ocean homes.（现在越来越多的人进入潜水行业，了解保护鲨鱼及其海洋家园的重要性。）" 可知，Andersen的努力导致越来越多的人开始了解保护鲨鱼和海洋家园的重要性，并加入了保护鲨鱼的行列。故选B。 7．推理判断题。分析文章内容可知，原文主要讲述了Julie Andersen对鲨鱼和海洋的热爱，以及她如何将这种热爱转化为保护工作，并通过成立Shark Angels等组织来推动鲨鱼保护。文章还提到了她的努力对越来越多人加入保护鲨鱼行列的影响。D选项"为了介绍一位女士的鲨鱼保护之旅"与原文内容相符，故选B。 阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 When Australia had terrible bushfires, people gave money to help the animals. Schoolchildren sold cakes and sports stars donated money, too. The fires were worse than others in the past. Koalas are slower than animals like kangaroos, so the fires are more dangerous for them. Many died and many were very sick. One koala hospital needed $25,000. It asked people to give money online and they sent millions of dollars! People love koalas. They are cute. But what about more unusual and unattractive animals? There are kinds with bigger problems than koalas, for example, the Mary River turtle (海龟), also from Australia. This turtle looks stranger than others. It's got two"fingers" under its chin (下巴) and green "hair", so it's also called the"punk turtle". The hair is actually a plant that grows on its head and parts of its body. Unfortunately, it's harder to get money to help animals like this. The Mary River turtle's problems began in the 1960s, when people took the baby turtles from the river to sell them in pet shops. Now, people live closer to its home than before and their dogs kill the turtles for food. The Mary River is dirtier than before and more polluted, too. A few years ago, scientists believed there were very few turtles living in the area. We don't know how many there are now. Destruction(破坏) of the places animals live in is putting them in danger - we kill the plants they eat, we make the air and water dirty, our pets eat them. All animal species on Earth are important because if one species dies, that changes the habitat for all other animals. We need to look after all animals - not just the more popular ones. 8．What does the underlined word"donated" in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Made. B．Gave. C．Borrowed. 9．Why is it easier to get money to help koalas than other animals? A．They look cute. B．They run fast. C．They are in danger. 10．What problem do the Mary River turtles face? A．They are killed by kangaroos. B．They look stranger for most people. C．Their homes are polluted and pets eat them. 11．What is the purpose of the text? A．To talk about cute animals. B．To stop people from polluting rivers. C． To ask people to help all kinds of animals. 【答案】8．B 9．A 10．C 11．C 【解析】【分析】这篇文章主要讲述了澳大利亚遭受严重山火时，人们纷纷捐款帮助受影响的动物，特别是考拉。文章还提到了除了考拉之外，还有一些不那么常见或不那么吸引人的动物也面临着严重的生存问题，例如玛丽河龟。 8．词义猜测题。根据原文第一段中提到"Schoolchildren sold cakes and sports stars donated money,too."可知，小学生们卖蛋糕，体育明星也捐款。"donated"与前面的"sold"并列，表示体育明星也做出了某种给予的动作。根据money以及常识可以推断，"donated"意为"给予、捐赠"。故选B。 9．细节理解题。根据原文第二段提到"People love koalas. They are cute."可知，因为它们很可爱所以人们喜欢考拉。故选A。 10．推理判断题。根据"their dogs kill the turtles for food. The Mary River is dirtier than before and more polluted, too. A few years ago,scientists believed there were very few turtles living in the area. We don't know how many there are now.（他们的狗捕杀海龟作为食物。玛丽河比以前更脏，污染也更严重。几年前，科学家们认为该地区生活的海龟很少。我们不知道现在有多少人。）"可知，原文第四段详细描述了玛丽河海龟面临的问题，包括人们养狗杀海龟为食、玛丽河比以前更脏更污染，以及科学家认为该地区海龟数量很少。这些问题可以归纳为它们的家园被污染，且宠物（狗）会吃它们。故选C。 11．主旨大意题。根据原文最后一段提到"All animal species on Earth are important because if one species dies,that changes the habitat for all other animals. We need to look after all animals-not just the more popular ones."可知，强调了所有动物物种的重要性，并呼吁人们要照顾所有动物，而不仅仅是更受欢迎的动物。因此，本文的目的是呼吁人们帮助各种各样的动物，故选C。 阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 Scientists have found four groups of emperor penguins in Antarctica with new satellite images (卫星图像). These groups, called"colonies", are all small with less than 1,000 pairs of penguins. Emperor penguins are the world's largest sea birds that cannot fly but can swim. However, the number of them has dropped and they live in fewer areas than before. The penguins raise their babies on frozen sea ice during the winter. If the ice breaks up before the babies grow up, many of the babies might die. So some penguins are moving away from their old colonies to find more stable(稳定的) sea ice. Peter Fretwell, a researcher at the British Antarctic Survey, said that conditions at one colony had become more dangerous since 2016. As a result, the colony near Halley Bay seems to have moved about 30 kilometers east. The four new colonies may have been around for years, but scientists have just recently seen them. Though the four newly found colonies do not change the population for the birds a lot, Fretwell said the fact that one of the colonies moved helps scientists to understand where the birds are going. Daniel Zitterbar t is a penguin researcher. He said that it is unclear if the new groups broke away from the larger colonies. He added that the places where the penguins breeding are changing. As the world gets warmer, more"penguins will be on the move". 12．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Which living condition penguins prefer. B．Why penguins try to leave dangerous ice. C．What scientists have learned about penguins. 13．Which of the following will Zitterbar t probably agree with? A．The higher temperature is influencing the penguins. B．Penguins are used to breeding in the same places. C．The warm world is really helpful to the penguins. 14．What does the text mainly tell us? A．We need to care more about penguins. B．Scientists find four new penguin colonies. C．Scientists are working to save penguins. 15．Which part of a magazine is the text probably taken from? A．Talk with Scientists. B．Story Time. C．Nature and Science. 【答案】12．B 13．A 14．B 15．C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家借助卫星图像发现了位于南极洲的四个新的帝企鹅群落。然而，这四个新发现的群落并没有使企鹅的整体数量发生太大的变化。随着全球气候变暖，企鹅不得不进行迁移以找到更合适的栖息地。 12．段落大意题。根据"So some penguins are moving away from their old colonies to find more stable(稳定的) sea ice.（因此，一些企鹅正在离开它们的旧栖息地，寻找更稳定的海冰。）"可知，第二段主要讲述了为什么有些企鹅要离开它们的旧聚居地去寻找更稳定的海冰。故选B。 13．推理判断题。根据"Daniel Zitterbart is a penguin researcher. He said that it is unclear if the new groups broke away from the larger colonies. He added that the places where the penguins breeding are changing. As the world gets warmer，more" penguins will be on the move'.（Daniel Zitterbart是一位企鹅研究者。他说，目前尚不清楚新群体是否脱离了更大的殖民地。他补充说，企鹅繁殖的地方正在发生变化。随着世界变暖，更多的"企鹅将迁徙"。）"可知， Daniel Zitterbart认为企鹅的繁殖地点正在发生变化，随着世界变暖，更多的企鹅将会"迁徙"，这表明他认为高温正在影响企鹅，因此他可能会同意D选项的观点，即"高温正在影响企鹅"。故选A。 14．文章大意题。文章主要讲述了科学家发现了四个新的帝企鹅聚居地，以及相关的背景信息，因此D选项"科学家发现四个新的企鹅聚居地"最符合文章主旨。故选B。 15．文章出处题。文章主要介绍了科学家发现帝企鹅新聚居地的情况，以及帝企鹅的生活习性和面临的生存环境问题，属于自然科学的范畴，因此最有可能来自"Nature and Science"杂志的部分。故选C。 阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 Recently,Venetia Berry, an artist in London, counted up the free cotton bags in her house. There were at least 25. She got these cotton bags from CT eco-fashion brands,art shops,hotels,and even an apple farm. "You get them without choosing,"said Berry. Cotton bags have become a way for brands,shops and supermarkets to show that they care about the overuse of plastic bags in packaging(包装). There was a short stop in using cotton bags during the pandemic when there were fears that reusable bags could carry and spread the virus, but they are now fully back in force. So far, so earth-friendly? Not exactly. It turns out the popularity of cotton bags may actually have created new problems. The production of cotton needs lots of water. And dealing with cotton bags in an environmentally friendly way is far from as simple as people think. You can't, for example, just put a cotton bag in a dustbin. Even when a cotton bag does make it to a special treatment plant(处理工厂)，most dyes(染料)used to print pictures on them are PVC- based and cannot be recycled. Printed pictures have to be cut out of the cloth. About 10 to 15 percent of the cotton is wasted this way. That's not to say cotton is worse than plastic. Cotton may use pesticides(杀虫剂) and has dried up rivers from water consumption,but making plastic bags will produce much greenhouse gas and pollute the land and rivers.A clothing company stopped production of its cotton bags in April this year. Some brands are turning to other ways. However, the simplest way may be the clearest—not every product needs a bag. 16.Venetia Berry is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to show______. A. the fame of the artist B. the popularity of cotton bags C. the way people get cotton bags 17.Why do many companies use cotton bags? A. They believe cotton bags are friendly to the environment. B. They want to follow the new fashion of cotton bags. C. They think plastic bags are not convenient. 18.The writer probably advises us to______. A.try to use bags less if possible B. use cotton bags as often as possible C.use bags made of other materials 【答案】16．B 17．A 18．A 【解析】为了解决塑料包装袋过度使用这一问题，许多商家选择给顾客提供棉布袋。但是棉布袋并不像想象中的那样环保，它们的使用也带来了一些问题。 16.B推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，Venetia Berry的家里有至少25个棉布袋，这些棉布袋来自各种商家。由此可推知，棉布袋被广泛使用，故第一段提到Venetia Berry的例子是为了体现棉布袋很流行。 17.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Cotton bags have become a way for brands,shops and supermarkets to show that they care about the overuse of plastic bags in packaging.”可知，棉布袋已经成了许多商家表示他们关注塑料包装袋过度使用这一问题的一种方式。由此可知，许多公司使用棉布袋是因为他们认为棉布袋更环保。 18.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“However, the simplest way may be the clearest—not every product needs a bag.”可知，作者认为最简单的方法可能是最显而易见的——并不是每个产品都需要袋子。故推测作者建议我们尽量少用袋子。 阅读下面短文，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 In Gansu province, three generations of workers have worked hard to stop desertification. Babusha,a big sand dune(沙丘) at the edge(边缘) of the Tengger Desert, was a big cause of sandstorms in the 1980s. The desert destroyed farmland and villages in its south, and affected more than 30,000 people. However, with the effort of"the six old men"and their children and grandchildren, now,a green belt, which is 10 kilometers long and 8 kilometers wide, has been built. This project is time-consuning. Guo Chaoming and five other villagers first had the idea of renting 5,000 hectares (公顷) of sandy land to plant trees in 1981. Their original goal was to prevent sandstorms from destroying their crops. At the time, Guo, the oldest of the six, was already 61, while Zhang Runyuan, the youngest, was not yet 50. At first, they planted 667 hectares of saplings (幼苗) . However, after the first sandstorm, no more than 30 percent survived. After countless failure, they successfully thought of the idea of burying wheat straw(埋麦秸) around trees to hold the sand. Planting trees in desert is difficult, but taking care of them was even challenging. To protect the trees, they chose to live there for years, in a simple shelter they made from wooden poles and straw (木杆和稻草) . They used bricks(砖头) to support a cooking pot(灶台) , drank boiled water and ate steamed buns when hungry. In the eyes of the six men, the Babusha forest farm became their most valuable possession. Even in the 1990s, when they were lack of money, they didn't cut down a single tree or grass to sell. Time passed by and four of the six passed away. But their children and grandchildren took up the torch and continued their work. Now, the desert has changed into grassland and forest. The amount of plants has increased from less than 3% to more than 75%. In 2019, "the six old men"and their families were honored"Model of the Times"and"Most Beautiful Fighters" for their hard work. 19．In paragraph 1, "three generations of workers" refers to ____ . A．"The six old men" B．Six scientisits including Guo Chaoming, Zhang Runyuan and so on C．"The six old men" and their children and grandschildren 20．What is the six old men's original purpose of renting sandy land? A．To contribute to the society. B．To protect their own crops from sandstorms. C．To improve their own skills by planting trees. 21．How did the six old men manage to increase the survival rate(比率) of saplings in desert? A．By burying wheat straw to hold the sand. B．By taking good care of saplings and water them several times a day. C．By keep testing and failing several times. 22．Which of the following words best describe the six old men's qualities? A．brave, determined and wealthy B．Persistent, tough and principled C．Adventurous, open-minded and selfish 23．The underline phrases"took up the torch" in paragraph 6 could be replaced by ____ . A．push their limits B．shoulder the responsibility C．take the lead 【答案】19．C 20．B 21．A 22．B 23．B 【解析】【分析】本文的主旨是讲述在中国甘肃省，以"六老汉"及其子孙三代人为代表的工人们，通过长期艰苦的努力，成功地在腾格里沙漠边缘治理荒漠化，将沙漠变成了草原和森林，并因此获得了时代的楷模和最美奋斗者等荣誉称号。 19．细节理解题。根据three generations of workers have worked hard to stop desertification三代工人为防治荒漠化而努力，with the effort of"the six old men"and their children and grandchildren, now,a green belt, which is 10 kilometers long and 8 kilometers wide, has been built在"六位老人"和他们的子孙们的努力下，如今，一条长10公里、宽8公里的绿化带已经建成，可知短语是用来描述"the six old men"的子女和孙子孙女们继承并继续他们治沙工作的行为。故是六位老人"和他们的子孙，故选C。 20．推理判断题。根据The desert destroyed farmland and villages in its south, and affected more than 30,000 people. However, with the effort of"the six old men"and their children and grandchildren, now,a green belt, which is 10 kilometers long and 8 kilometers wide, has been built沙漠摧毁了南部的农田和村庄，影响了三万多人。然而，在"六位老人"和他们的子孙们的努力下，如今，一条长10公里、宽8公里的绿化带已经建成，可知保护自己的农作物免受沙尘暴的侵害，故选B。 21．细节理解题。根据After countless failure, they successfully thought of the idea of burying wheat straw around trees to hold the sand." 这句话明确说明了六老汉通过无数次失败后，成功想出了在树周围埋麦秸来固定沙子的方法，从而提高了树苗在沙漠中的存活率，可知通过埋入麦秆来固沙，故选D。 22．推理判断题。在文章中，六老汉被描述为坚持不懈、坚韧不拔、有原则的人。他们长期在沙漠中植树造林，面对无数次的失败和挑战，从未放弃，这体现了他们的坚持不懈和坚韧不拔。同时，即使在资金短缺的情况下，他们也没有砍伐树木或草本来出售，这体现了他们的有原则。因此，选项B"Persistent, tough and principled"（坚持不懈、坚韧不拔、有原则）最能描述六老汉的品质，故选B。 23．词句猜测题。根据But their children and grandchildren took up the torch and continued their work.，可知took up the torch"这个短语的意思是指六老汉的子孙们接过了他们的使命和责任，继续他们的工作。故是shoulder the responsibility表示承担责任，与"took up the torch"意思相近，故选B。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Lydia likes running a lot. She always runs, and picks up rubbish along the way. This activity　24． 　 (call) "plogging", an activity combining collecting rubbish with running. Last June, she first learned the idea of plogging　25． 　 the Internet and decided to plog. Lydia runs four or five times a week and takes　26． 　walk with her two dogs every day. She often wears her　27． 　 (glove) and takes several bags when she goes out. Sometimes she spends half an hour　28． 　 (collect) rubbish. She says she　29． 　 (waste) the last few years of her running life. Now she feels　30． 　 (good) to do plogging than just running by the litter. "It takes just a moment to stop and pick something up off the ground. 　31． 　, it makes a big difference to my community. Now my husband also joins me. " Lydia says　32． 　 (proud). "It doesn't matter　33． 　 much rubbish I pick up. It's a good way to protect our planet. " 【答案】24．is called；25．on/from；26．a；27．gloves；28．collecting；29．wasted/has wasted；30．better；31．However；32．proudly；33．how 【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了Lydia一边跑步一边捡垃圾，这被称之为"垃圾跑"的环保健康理念，这种行为既可以锻炼我们的身体，也可以保护环境。 24．句意：她所做的被称为"垃圾跑"，一种将收集垃圾和跑步结合起来的活动。call，动词，此处主语和谓语call"叫作"之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。be done的动词形式，主语是第三人称单数，描述客观事实用一般现在时，故用助动词is，called是过去分词，故填is called。 25．句意：去年6月，她第一次在互联网上了解到垃圾跑的想法，并决定垃圾跑。根据learned the idea of plogging2 the Internet ，可知是在网上，on the Internet，或者是learn sth from，从某处学，from和on都是介词，故填on/from。 26．句意：Lydia每周跑四五次，每天和她的两只狗一起散步。take a walk with sb，和某人一起散步，固定搭配，故填a。 27．句意：她经常戴上她的手套，出门时还会带上几个包。glove，名词单数，手套，此处用名词复数表示泛指，故填gloves。 28．句意：有时她花半小时收集垃圾。collect，收集，动词，spend time doing sth."花费时间做某事"。故用动名词，故填collecting。 29．句意：她说，她浪费了过去几年的跑步生活。waste，动词，浪费，根据"the last few years..."可知此处用现在完成时have/has done，主语是she，助动词用has。此处是says引导宾语从句，主句是一般现在时，从句描述过去，用一般过去时也可以，故填wasted/has wasted。 30．句意：现在她觉得垃圾跑的感觉比在垃圾堆旁跑要好。good，形容词，高的，根据"than"可知此处用形容词的比较级better"更好"。故填better。 31．句意：然而，这对我的社区有很大的影响。根据"it makes a big difference..."可知此句和前句是转折关系，且空格后有逗号，此处用however。但是，位于句首首字母大写，故填However。 32．句意：Lydia自豪地说。proud，形容词，骄傲的，此处修饰动词says用副词proudly"自豪地"。是副词，故填proudly。 33．句意：我捡起多少垃圾无所谓。rubbish是不可数名词，垃圾，how much修饰不可数名词，多少，故填how。 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Do you believe picking up rubbish has become a world competition? In November of 2023, the first Rubbish Collection World Cup 　34． 　(hold) in Asia. Teams from 21　35． 　 (country) took part in it. According to the rules, each team will have 60 minutes to collect rubbish as much as possible. Britain 　36． 　(final) won the first prize. "We hope more people around the world will pay attention to 　37． 　 (environment) problems, " said a British team member. When Ken, the founder (创始人) of the competition, was interviewed, he talked about how he came up 　38． 　 the idea. Several years ago, he found many sea animals died 　39． 　of the rubbish in the sea. So he started to pick up rubbish on his way to the beach every morning. "Picking up 　40． 　 piece of rubbish may save a turtle's (海龟的) life. It's also a good way to keep the beach clean. " In his eyes, changing 　41． 　 (people) thoughts about rubbish was more important. "Picking up rubbish is meaningful and 　42． 　(help), " added Ken. "Now, I am glad to hear that lots of people take part in it 　43． 　 (protect) our environment. " 【答案】34．was held；35．countries；36．finally；37．environmental；38．with；39．because；40．a；41．people's；42．helpful；43．to protect 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了2023年11月举行的第一届垃圾收集世界杯及其影响。 34．句意：2023年11月，首届垃圾收集世界杯在亚洲举行。根据时间状语In November of 2023，可知句子应使用一般过去时态；主语"the first Rubbish Collection World Cup"与谓语动词hold构成被动关系，应使用被动语态。故填was held。 35．句意：来自21个国家的团队参加了比赛。根据空格前的基数词"21"，可知空格处应使用名词的复数形式。故填countries。 36．句意：英国最终获得了第一名。空格前后的Britain和won构成完整的"主谓"结构，所以空格处应使用副词作状语，故填finally。 37．句意：我们希望全世界有更多的人关注环境问题。空格处应使用形容词作定语修饰名词problems。故填enviornmental。 38．句意：当比赛的创始人Ken接受采访时，他谈到了他是如何想到这个想法的。come up with是固定短语，意"提出，想出"，在句中表示"想到这个主意"。故填with。 39．句意：几年前，他发现许多海洋动物因为海洋中的垃圾而死亡。空格后的"the rubbish in the sea海洋中的垃圾"是空格前"many sea animals died许多海洋动物死亡 "的原因，结合空格后的介词of，可知because of（意"因为"，后接名词/名词短语）符合句意。故填because。 40．句意：捡起一块垃圾可能会拯救一只乌的的生命。空格后的名词piece是单数名词，应使用限定词加以修饰；根据句意，可知此处表示泛指，意"一块垃圾"应使用不定冠词，piece是辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 41．句意：在他看来，改变人们对垃圾的看法更为重要。空格处应使用形容词性物主代词people's作定语，修饰空格后的名词thoughts。故填people's。 42．句意：捡垃圾是有意义的和有益的。空格前的形容词meaningful与空格处的单词并列，由and连接，所以空格处也应该使用形容词。故填helpful。 43．句意：现在，我很高兴听到很多人参加保护我们的环境。根据句意，可知空格后的" 10 (protect) our environment保护我们的环境"是空格前句" lots of people take part in it很多人参加它"的目的状语，所以应使用动词不定式。故填to protect。 三、任务型阅读 There are many wetlands（湿地）in China and some of them have become the world's important ones. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are among them. They are in the east of our province（省）. The world's largest Deer Nature Reserve（自然保护区）is in them. 　44． 　 The temperature（温度）in the wetlands is usually not too high or too low. There is a lot of rain and sunshine too. 　45． 　 They offer enough food to some kinds of animals and birds. However, it is not the only reason why we need to protect wetlands. Wetlands are important. They are home to many different kinds of birds and animals, and they help stop floods（洪水）too. 　46． 　 They want to make more room for farms and buildings. If this goes on, wild animals will have nowhere to live. 　47． 　 They try their best to protect them. Every year, on February 2nd, lots of activities take place to tell people more about wetlands. It's World Wetlands Day. A. They are good places for wildlife. B. We must take part in the activities to protect wetlands. C. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are in Jiangsu. D. More than 700 deer live freely there. E. But some people want to change the wetlands. F. Now, many Chinese people know the importance of the wetlands. 【答案】44．D；45．A；46．E；47．F 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国的湿地状况及其重要性，以及人们为了保护湿地所做出的努力。 【点评】考查六选四，本文是一篇地理类阅读， 要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。 44．根据空前" The world's largest Deer Nature Reserve（自然保护区）is in them. "世界上最大的鹿自然保护区就在那里。可知，此处和自然保护区有关，D. More than 700 deer live freely there."700多只鹿自由地生活在那里。"承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 45．根据空前"There is a lot of rain and sunshine too."那里也有很多雨水和阳光。可知，此处讲述了湿地的好处， A. They are good places for wildlife. "它们是野生动物的好地方。"承接上文，符合语境。故选A。 46．根据空后"They wan to make more room for farms and buildings."他们想腾出更多的空间来建农场和建筑。可知，此处谈论了一些人不合理的做法，E. But some people want to change the wetlands.D"但是有些人想要改变湿地。"符合语境。故选E。 47．根据空后"They try their best to protect them."他们尽力保护它们。可知，此处提到了一些积极的做法，F. Now, many Chinese people know the importance of the wetlands."现在，许多中国人知道湿地的重要性。"符合语境。故选F。 阅读下面的短文，然后从方框中所给的A~E五个选项中选择正确答案(其中一项是多余选项) ，将其序号填入小题， 并回答问题。 We all have heard of the global warming. We also know that pollution is a big problem, such as air pollution and water pollution. We know the Earth needs help. There are many small things we can do as persons to make a difference. Reuse things. Buying used things is cheaper than buying new ones. 　48． 　 Reuse plastic, glass bottles and cups instead of throwing them into the dustbin(垃圾桶). Avoid taking cars when possible. Don't ask your parents to drive you somewhere when you can easily walk or ride your bike there. 　49． 　 On the other hand, getting more exercise will be good for your body, too. Recycle paper. Newspaper, old magazines and draft paper(草稿纸) can be recycled.　50． 　 It means that recycling just half of the world's paper will save about twenty million acres(英亩) of forests! Forest products are used in our daily lives. They not only help make our lives more convenient, but also make our Earth more beautiful and comfortable. 　51． 　 Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth. Shut off lights, radios, TVs, computers and other electrical things when you leave the room. When you finish using your computer at night, shut it down. This uses less electricity than letting it"sleep". What we do today affects(影响) the Earth and future generations. Let's take actions now to save the earth! A. Save energy. B. Never throw litter on the ground. C. Sell or give away your used clothes and toys. D. Recycling a ton of paper saves seventeen trees. E. If your community has bus service, use that whenever possible. 【答案】48．C；49．E；50．D；51．A； 【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了一些保护地球的做法。 48．第一段提到"Reuse things"（再利用物品），以及第二段具体提到"Reuse plastic, glass bottles and cups"（再利用塑料、玻璃瓶和杯子）。由此可以推断，C选项中的"sell or give away your used clothes and toys"也是再利用物品的一种方式，故选C。 49．根据Avoid taking cars when possible. Don't ask your parents to drive you somewhere when you can easily walk or ride your bike there." 紧接着在第四段开头（即此处所指的"2"之后的位置，虽然原文没有直接标出"2"，但根据上下文可以推断），通过"On the other hand"引出了另一种减少汽车使用的方法，即如果社区有公交服务，就尽可能使用它。这与E选项的内容完全相符，故选E。 50．根据It means that recycling just half of the world's paper will save about twenty million acres of forests!" 这句话虽然没有直接说出"回收一吨纸可以节省十七棵树"，但提到了回收纸张可以节省大量的森林面积，从而可以间接推断出回收纸张对树木的节约作用。而D选项给出了一个具体的数字（十七棵树），故选D。 51．根据Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth. Shut off lights, radios, TVs, computers and other electrical things when you leave the room." 这些行为都是为了节约能源，因此A选项"节约能源"与这部分内容相符。故选A。 四、书面表达 53．随着全球环境的恶化，越来越多的人选择过"低碳生活"(low-carbon life)，即减少二氧化碳的排放，低能量，低消耗的生活。请根据表格中的内容，以How to Live a low-carbon Life为题，写一篇英语短文。 应该做 不应该做 ①多种树 ①砍伐树木 ②步行或骑自行车上学 ②坐私家车上学 ③离开房间时，随手关灯 ③花太多时间看电视，上网 倡议：我们应该尽力保护环境，那样世界将会变得越来越美好。 要求：①参考提示表格，可适当发挥； ②语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整； ③文中不得出现你的任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等)； ④词数：不少于70词。(开头已给出，但不计入总词数。) How to Live a Low-carbon Life In order to protect the environment, more and more people choose to live a low-carbon life. 【答案】How to Live a Low-carbon Life In order to protect the environment, more and more people choose to live a low-carbon life. As students, first, we should plant more trees. Second, we had better go to school on foot or by bike. Besides, we are supposed to turn off the lights when we leave the room. On the other hand, we shouldn't do a lot of things. First, we shouldn't cut down trees. Second, we had better not go to school by car. What's more, we aren't supposed to spend too much time watching TV or surfing the Internet. In a word, we should try our best to protect the environment. If that, the world will become more and more beautiful. 【解析】【分析】题干解读：该题目属于议论文写作。在写作时应根据题目要求讲述低碳生活大家应该和不应该做的事情，并提出低碳生活的倡议。写作指导：本文用第一人称来写作；时态采用一般现在时为主；讲述大家应该和不应该做的事情叙述完整，条理清晰。 【点评】考查提纲作文。所给例文开篇用in order to do提出了当下流行 一种新型生活方式—— low-carbon life ，然后点明了作为学生应该怎样低碳生活，用should do、had better和are supposed to do三组谓语动词引出了低碳生活应该做的事情，避免了通篇用should do；短语on the other hand的巧妙使用，使文章流畅的从应该做的事情过渡到不应该做的事情，转折自然，最后用in a word短语，引出最后的总结句。 54． 保护环境，从身边做起。作为学校的一份子，我们应该要有主人翁意识，为打造环保校园贡献自己的力量。请你结合上文，根据以下思维导图内容提示，以How to Make Our School Greener?为题, 写一篇80字左右的小短文。 There are many environmental problems in our school. For example, 【答案】There are many environmental problems in our school. For example, some students throw the rubbish everywhere. It makes our school untidy. Besides, some students waste a lot of water. They don't turn off the tap after they wash their hands. To make our school greener, I have some advice. First, we should throw the rubbish into the bins and try to pick up the rubbish. Second, we'd better save water. We can not wash our hands for too long. In a word, let's take action and do our part in protecting the environment of our school. 【解析】【分析】这是一篇看图作文。按照所给的思维导图内容提示完成短文写作。写作中要包含所给的三方面的内容，校园内常见的环保问题、打造环保校园措施以及呼吁。根据材料内容可知本文要用一般现在时，人称主要是第一人称，注意并列连词的使用及主谓一致问题，写作中注意上下文的过渡，要符合逻辑关系，符合英语的表达习惯。 【点评】这篇短文根据所给内容的提示将三个方面的内容逐一进行了陈述。内容切题，意思连贯，表达清楚、完整，时态运用灵活准确。一些固定短语，如many environmental problems；turn off the tap等以及句型结构，如we should throw the rubbish into the bins and try to pick up the rubbish.In a word, let's take action and do our part in protecting the environment of our school.等运用较为得体，表达比较准确，使文章更加流畅，自然。 $$专题18 Topic 7 环境保护 在湖南中考英语考题中，环境保护是一个高频出现的话题。随着全球环境问题日益严峻，对学生环保意识和相关表达能力的考查愈发重要。此类题目通常要求学生描述环境现状、分析环境问题产生的原因，并提出相应的解决措施或倡导环保行动。 通过对环境保护话题的书面表达练习，学生应达到以下目标: 掌握与环境相关的词汇和短语，如“pollution(污染)“environment protection(环境保护)”“recycle.(回收利用)”等。 能够清晰地描述环境问题的表现，如空气污染、水污染、垃圾堆积等。 学会运用逻辑连接词，如“firstly(首先)”“secondly(其次)…fnally(最后)”等，使文章结构清晰、层次分明。 提出切实可行的环保建议和措施，展现自己的思考和解决问题的能力。 培养环保意识，在写作中传递积极的环保态度和价值观。 （2023湖南永州卷）Passage A Have you ever noticed plastic waste everywhere in your community? Dr. Aboubacar Kampo has. He was living in Côte d’Ivoire, a country on the coast of West Africa, where plastic is a big environmental problem, compared with water and air pollution. Côte d’Ivoire’s biggest city, Abidjan, produces more than 300 tons of plastic rubbish a day, and only about 5% is recycled. “How can we turn plastic into something useful?” Kampo wondered. So Kampo,who works for UNICEF, the United Nations Children’s Fund, googled, researched, and then noticed a company in Colombia, a country in South America. Plastic pollution is a problem there, too. Conceptos Plásticos, the Colombian company that Kampo read about online, recycles plastic waste and turns it into big, Lego-like bricks（砖）for building schools and houses. Next, Kampo went to Colombia to learn about the company in person. He toured schools that were built with its bricks and the factory where the bricks were made. “Conceptos Plásticos gave us a solution.” Kampo said. He thought it could help with more than just the plastic problem. It could also improve children’s education. According to UNICEF, 1.6 million children in Côte d’Ivoire don’t go to school. One reason is that there aren’t enough classrooms. For kids who do go to school, classrooms are often very crowded. Kids often sit on the floor and can’t stand up because there isn’t room to move around. In 2018, UNICEF built its first classrooms in Abidjan, using bricks produced in Colombia by Conceptos Plásticos. Right away, the local education improved a lot. People couldn’t believe it at the beginning, that the classrooms were made of plastic. But now all the parents want their children in these classrooms. By the end of 2021 UNICEF had built 528 classrooms in Côte d’Ivoire. The new Conceptos Plásticos factory in Abidjan will soon be producing bricks from rubbish collected in children’s playgrounds and on the beach. The environmental influence is huge. Kampo says it takes about five and a half tons of plastic and just a few weeks to build a classroom. Unlike traditional building, no cement（水泥）is needed. “It’s just a hammer（锤子）and those bricks.” he added. 1. What is the main problem Côte d’Ivoire faces? A. Plastic pollution. B. Water pollution. C. Air pollution. 2. What can we learn about Conceptos Plásticos? A. It’s a company in West Africa. B. It recycles plastic waste online. C. It offers bricks for building the classrooms in Abidjan. 3. Which of the following best describes the parents about their kids’ future in Paragraph 5? A. Doubtful. B. Excited. C. Surprised. 4. How many tons of plastic are needed to build a classroom? A. About 5.5 tons. B. Only about 15 tons. C. More than 300 tons. 5. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Building Green B. An introduction to Kampo C. Côte d’Ivoire’s Environmental Proble （2023湖南张家界卷）Passage B Going green makes a big difference in our life. I’m Jessica Wong. Today I’ll tell you what my family does every day to save the earth. It’s reported that a common family produces more than one ton of rubbish a year. Some of this waste takes hundreds of years to decay. Also, it costs much money to buy new things to take the place of the things we throw away. In order to protect the environment and save money, my family has recycled everything. On the one hand, we collect used things every day, such as paper, bottles and boxes, and put them into different bins. Then they are sent to a recycling center. Finally, they are treated and can be used again. Recycling will help reduce a lot of waste. On the other hand, we use old clothes to make different kinds of bags. I especially like to use old jeans to make bags. These cute and useful bags are popular with young people. As a result, I open a small shop and set up a website to sell them online. What’s more, my parents and my brother often go to work by bike. If it rains, they’ll take the bus. We’re also going to grow our own vegetables, raise cows, keep hens and ducks. Soon, we’ll be able to have eggs and milk for meals. What a difference we make for our earth! 1. How much rubbish does a common family produce? A. Two hundred kilos. B. One ton. C. Over one ton. 2. The underlined word “decay” in the passage means ______ in Chinese. A. 腐烂 B. 浪费 C. 运送 3. What are the bags made of in Jessica’s shops? A. Paper. B. Old clothes. C. Boxes. 4. How does Jessica’s brother often go to work? A. By bike. B. By car. C. By bus. 5. According to this passage, what do we know? A. Going green makes little difference in our life. B. Jessica’s bags are popular with all people. C. We can do small things to help save our earth. 阅读词汇： 1. 53 / 54 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 environment 环境 pollution 污染 recycle 回收利用 climate 气候 energy 能源 waste 废物 forest 森林 ocean 海洋 wildlife 野生动物 ecosystem 生态系统 sustainable 可持续的 renewable 可再生的 carbon 碳 global warming 全球变暖 deforestation 滥砍滥伐 greenhouse effect 温室效应 plastic 塑料 emission 排放 conservation 保护 resource 资源 eco-friendly 环保的 litter 垃圾 air quality 空气质量 solar power 太阳能 wind energy 风能 habitat 栖息地 endangered 濒危的 biodiversity 生物多样性 contamination 污染 plant trees 植树 protect 保护 reduce 减少 reuse 重复使用 disposable 一次性的 natural disaster 自然灾害 ozone layer 臭氧层 acid rain 酸雨 drought 干旱 flood 洪水 extinction 灭绝 compost 堆肥 filter 过滤 volunteer 志愿者 campaign 活动 awareness 意识 efficient 高效的 toxic 有毒的 public transport 公共交通 garbage classification 垃圾分类 environmental protection 环境保护 高频短语： 1. save energy 节约能源 2. reduce waste 减少浪费 3. cut down on pollution 减少污染 4. protect endangered species 保护濒危物种 5. use public transport 使用公共交通 6. sort garbage 垃圾分类 7. plant more trees 多种树 8. turn off lights 关灯 9. save water 节约用水 10. limit plastic use 限制塑料使用 11. promote recycling 推广回收 12. fight climate change 应对气候变化 13. raise environmental awareness 提高环保意识 14. use renewable energy 使用可再生能源 15. avoid disposable products 避免一次性产品 16. clean up beaches 清理海滩 17. reduce carbon footprint 减少碳足迹 18. support eco-friendly policies 支持环保政策 19. prevent air pollution 防止空气污染 20. join environmental campaigns 参与环保活动 写作句式： 1. it is our duty to protect the environment for future generations. （保护环境是我们对后代的责任。） 2. reducing plastic use can significantly decrease ocean pollution. （减少塑料使用能大幅降低海洋污染。） 3. if everyone plants a tree, the world will become greener and healthier. （如果每个人都种一棵树，世界将变得更绿、更健康。） 4. using public transport instead of driving alone helps reduce carbon emissions. （使用公共交通而非独自开车有助于减少碳排放。） 5. recycling paper and bottles is an effective way to save natural resources. （回收纸张和瓶子是节约自然资源的有效方法。） 6. we should raise awareness about the importance of protecting endangered animals. （我们应提高保护濒危动物重要性的意识。） 7. switching to solar energy is a key step towards sustainable development. （转向太阳能是迈向可持续发展的重要一步。） 8. by sorting garbage, we can make recycling easier and protect the environment. （通过垃圾分类，我们能更方便地回收并保护环境。） 阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 ①Locals Care for Natural World Grasslands and lakes in Sanjiangyuan have taken on a new look and many wild animals have come back. On January 24，2003，China set up Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve to protect the area and the wildlife. Local people joined in the project，picking up waste and protecting the animals. ②China Successfully Grows Rice in Space How to grow food in space if humans live there one day？For nearly 40 years，China has developed over 260 new types of seeds （种子） in space. Recently growing rice at Tiangong Space Station makes a big step forward. It can also solve food problems on Earth. ③Doctors Sent to West Africa Doctors are flying to an island off the coast of West Africa after a new flu broke out. They will test different medicines to find a way to deal with it. To get things better，they will also offer medical care and help train local nurses there. ④Scientists Fight against Plastic Pollution A natural material，fungi （真菌），used to break down a type of plastic called polypropylene turned out to be useful. Scientists at the University of Sydney found that after 90 days，between 25% and 27% of polypropylene broke down and after 140 days，polypropylene became completely safe. 1．Which passages are about environmental protection？ A．①② B．②③ C．①④ 2．What can we learn from the passage？ A．Locals in Sanjiangyuan picked up waste and protected the animals for a living. B．Scientists discovered fungi could break down polypropylene. C．Doctors have known how to deal with the new flu in West Africa. 3．What's the theme shared by all the passages？ A．Problems and Efforts. B．Duties and Success. C．Challenges and Chances. 阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 Julie Andersen's great interest in diving (潜水) led to her love for sharks and the ocean. She turned her love into a job and started ocean conservation groups. Conservation is the act of keeping or protecting something. Conservation work includes protecting art, animals in danger and the other parts of the natural environment. Andersen began diving in 1995. She started diving in places that are famous for sharks. Unluckily, the number of sharks there became smaller and smaller. Soon she realized that she must do something for them. So she founded the Shark Angels and helped people around the world learn about sharks. She even sold her house to support Shark Angels. Twenty years later, she is still working. As a leader of Professional Association of Diving Instructors(PADI), Andersen believes PADI is a good industry to encourage people to keep on saving sharks and their ocean homes. She often says, "I am filled with hope. The past several years have taught me that a single person can make a difference. And I am sure we can make a bigger difference together." Andersen sets a good example to other people in the world. Now more and more people are entering the diving industry and getting to know the importance of protecting sharks and their ocean homes. Actually, Andersen's goal is to make it possible for everyone to experience, fall in love with and, in turn, protect our world's largest and most valuable ecosystem (生态系统). "The ocean gives us life. We need to do the same in return and leave our blue planet better than we found it." Andersen says. 4．Which of the following is "conservation" according to the passage? A．Saving tigers. B．Feeding the fish. C．Drawing pictures. 5．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Andersen studied hard to protect sharks. B．Andersen helped people learn about diving. C．Andersen did a lot to support Shark Angels. 6．What's the result of Andersen's effort? A．PADI has been the largest diving industry. B．More people have joined in protecting sharks. C．PADI has got many prizes in saving sharks. 7．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To discuss the importance of PADI. B．To introduce a lady's journey of shark protection. C．To explain the meaning of ecosystem. 阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 When Australia had terrible bushfires, people gave money to help the animals. Schoolchildren sold cakes and sports stars donated money, too. The fires were worse than others in the past. Koalas are slower than animals like kangaroos, so the fires are more dangerous for them. Many died and many were very sick. One koala hospital needed $25,000. It asked people to give money online and they sent millions of dollars! People love koalas. They are cute. But what about more unusual and unattractive animals? There are kinds with bigger problems than koalas, for example, the Mary River turtle (海龟), also from Australia. This turtle looks stranger than others. It's got two"fingers" under its chin (下巴) and green "hair", so it's also called the"punk turtle". The hair is actually a plant that grows on its head and parts of its body. Unfortunately, it's harder to get money to help animals like this. The Mary River turtle's problems began in the 1960s, when people took the baby turtles from the river to sell them in pet shops. Now, people live closer to its home than before and their dogs kill the turtles for food. The Mary River is dirtier than before and more polluted, too. A few years ago, scientists believed there were very few turtles living in the area. We don't know how many there are now. Destruction(破坏) of the places animals live in is putting them in danger - we kill the plants they eat, we make the air and water dirty, our pets eat them. All animal species on Earth are important because if one species dies, that changes the habitat for all other animals. We need to look after all animals - not just the more popular ones. 8．What does the underlined word"donated" in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Made. B．Gave. C．Borrowed. 9．Why is it easier to get money to help koalas than other animals? A．They look cute. B．They run fast. C．They are in danger. 10．What problem do the Mary River turtles face? A．They are killed by kangaroos. B．They look stranger for most people. C．Their homes are polluted and pets eat them. 11．What is the purpose of the text? A．To talk about cute animals. B．To stop people from polluting rivers. C． To ask people to help all kinds of animals. 阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 Scientists have found four groups of emperor penguins in Antarctica with new satellite images (卫星图像). These groups, called"colonies", are all small with less than 1,000 pairs of penguins. Emperor penguins are the world's largest sea birds that cannot fly but can swim. However, the number of them has dropped and they live in fewer areas than before. The penguins raise their babies on frozen sea ice during the winter. If the ice breaks up before the babies grow up, many of the babies might die. So some penguins are moving away from their old colonies to find more stable(稳定的) sea ice. Peter Fretwell, a researcher at the British Antarctic Survey, said that conditions at one colony had become more dangerous since 2016. As a result, the colony near Halley Bay seems to have moved about 30 kilometers east. The four new colonies may have been around for years, but scientists have just recently seen them. Though the four newly found colonies do not change the population for the birds a lot, Fretwell said the fact that one of the colonies moved helps scientists to understand where the birds are going. Daniel Zitterbar t is a penguin researcher. He said that it is unclear if the new groups broke away from the larger colonies. He added that the places where the penguins breeding are changing. As the world gets warmer, more"penguins will be on the move". 12．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Which living condition penguins prefer. B．Why penguins try to leave dangerous ice. C．What scientists have learned about penguins. 13．Which of the following will Zitterbar t probably agree with? A．The higher temperature is influencing the penguins. B．Penguins are used to breeding in the same places. C．The warm world is really helpful to the penguins. 14．What does the text mainly tell us? A．We need to care more about penguins. B．Scientists find four new penguin colonies. C．Scientists are working to save penguins. 15．Which part of a magazine is the text probably taken from? A．Talk with Scientists. B．Story Time. C．Nature and Science. 阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 Recently,Venetia Berry, an artist in London, counted up the free cotton bags in her house. There were at least 25. She got these cotton bags from CT eco-fashion brands,art shops,hotels,and even an apple farm. "You get them without choosing,"said Berry. Cotton bags have become a way for brands,shops and supermarkets to show that they care about the overuse of plastic bags in packaging(包装). There was a short stop in using cotton bags during the pandemic when there were fears that reusable bags could carry and spread the virus, but they are now fully back in force. So far, so earth-friendly? Not exactly. It turns out the popularity of cotton bags may actually have created new problems. The production of cotton needs lots of water. And dealing with cotton bags in an environmentally friendly way is far from as simple as people think. You can't, for example, just put a cotton bag in a dustbin. Even when a cotton bag does make it to a special treatment plant(处理工厂)，most dyes(染料)used to print pictures on them are PVC- based and cannot be recycled. Printed pictures have to be cut out of the cloth. About 10 to 15 percent of the cotton is wasted this way. That's not to say cotton is worse than plastic. Cotton may use pesticides(杀虫剂) and has dried up rivers from water consumption,but making plastic bags will produce much greenhouse gas and pollute the land and rivers.A clothing company stopped production of its cotton bags in April this year. Some brands are turning to other ways. However, the simplest way may be the clearest—not every product needs a bag. 16.Venetia Berry is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to show______. A. the fame of the artist B. the popularity of cotton bags C. the way people get cotton bags 17.Why do many companies use cotton bags? A. They believe cotton bags are friendly to the environment. B. They want to follow the new fashion of cotton bags. C. They think plastic bags are not convenient. 18.The writer probably advises us to______. A.try to use bags less if possible B. use cotton bags as often as possible C.use bags made of other materials 阅读下面短文，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 In Gansu province, three generations of workers have worked hard to stop desertification. Babusha,a big sand dune(沙丘) at the edge(边缘) of the Tengger Desert, was a big cause of sandstorms in the 1980s. The desert destroyed farmland and villages in its south, and affected more than 30,000 people. However, with the effort of"the six old men"and their children and grandchildren, now,a green belt, which is 10 kilometers long and 8 kilometers wide, has been built. This project is time-consuning. Guo Chaoming and five other villagers first had the idea of renting 5,000 hectares (公顷) of sandy land to plant trees in 1981. Their original goal was to prevent sandstorms from destroying their crops. At the time, Guo, the oldest of the six, was already 61, while Zhang Runyuan, the youngest, was not yet 50. At first, they planted 667 hectares of saplings (幼苗) . However, after the first sandstorm, no more than 30 percent survived. After countless failure, they successfully thought of the idea of burying wheat straw(埋麦秸) around trees to hold the sand. Planting trees in desert is difficult, but taking care of them was even challenging. To protect the trees, they chose to live there for years, in a simple shelter they made from wooden poles and straw (木杆和稻草) . They used bricks(砖头) to support a cooking pot(灶台) , drank boiled water and ate steamed buns when hungry. In the eyes of the six men, the Babusha forest farm became their most valuable possession. Even in the 1990s, when they were lack of money, they didn't cut down a single tree or grass to sell. Time passed by and four of the six passed away. But their children and grandchildren took up the torch and continued their work. Now, the desert has changed into grassland and forest. The amount of plants has increased from less than 3% to more than 75%. In 2019, "the six old men"and their families were honored"Model of the Times"and"Most Beautiful Fighters" for their hard work. 19．In paragraph 1, "three generations of workers" refers to ____ . A．"The six old men" B．Six scientisits including Guo Chaoming, Zhang Runyuan and so on C．"The six old men" and their children and grandschildren 20．What is the six old men's original purpose of renting sandy land? A．To contribute to the society. B．To protect their own crops from sandstorms. C．To improve their own skills by planting trees. 21．How did the six old men manage to increase the survival rate(比率) of saplings in desert? A．By burying wheat straw to hold the sand. B．By taking good care of saplings and water them several times a day. C．By keep testing and failing several times. 22．Which of the following words best describe the six old men's qualities? A．brave, determined and wealthy B．Persistent, tough and principled C．Adventurous, open-minded and selfish 23．The underline phrases"took up the torch" in paragraph 6 could be replaced by ____ . A．push their limits B．shoulder the responsibility C．take the lead 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Lydia likes running a lot. She always runs, and picks up rubbish along the way. This activity　24． 　 (call) "plogging", an activity combining collecting rubbish with running. Last June, she first learned the idea of plogging　25． 　 the Internet and decided to plog. Lydia runs four or five times a week and takes　26． 　walk with her two dogs every day. She often wears her　27． 　 (glove) and takes several bags when she goes out. Sometimes she spends half an hour　28． 　 (collect) rubbish. She says she　29． 　 (waste) the last few years of her running life. Now she feels　30． 　 (good) to do plogging than just running by the litter. "It takes just a moment to stop and pick something up off the ground. 　31． 　, it makes a big difference to my community. Now my husband also joins me. " Lydia says　32． 　 (proud). "It doesn't matter　33． 　 much rubbish I pick up. It's a good way to protect our planet. " 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Do you believe picking up rubbish has become a world competition? In November of 2023, the first Rubbish Collection World Cup 　34． 　(hold) in Asia. Teams from 21　35． 　 (country) took part in it. According to the rules, each team will have 60 minutes to collect rubbish as much as possible. Britain 　36． 　(final) won the first prize. "We hope more people around the world will pay attention to 　37． 　 (environment) problems, " said a British team member. When Ken, the founder (创始人) of the competition, was interviewed, he talked about how he came up 　38． 　 the idea. Several years ago, he found many sea animals died 　39． 　of the rubbish in the sea. So he started to pick up rubbish on his way to the beach every morning. "Picking up 　40． 　 piece of rubbish may save a turtle's (海龟的) life. It's also a good way to keep the beach clean. " In his eyes, changing 　41． 　 (people) thoughts about rubbish was more important. "Picking up rubbish is meaningful and 　42． 　(help), " added Ken. "Now, I am glad to hear that lots of people take part in it 　43． 　 (protect) our environment. " 三、任务型阅读 There are many wetlands（湿地）in China and some of them have become the world's important ones. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are among them. They are in the east of our province（省）. The world's largest Deer Nature Reserve（自然保护区）is in them. 　44． 　 The temperature（温度）in the wetlands is usually not too high or too low. There is a lot of rain and sunshine too. 　45． 　 They offer enough food to some kinds of animals and birds. However, it is not the only reason why we need to protect wetlands. Wetlands are important. They are home to many different kinds of birds and animals, and they help stop floods（洪水）too. 　46． 　 They want to make more room for farms and buildings. If this goes on, wild animals will have nowhere to live. 　47． 　 They try their best to protect them. Every year, on February 2nd, lots of activities take place to tell people more about wetlands. It's World Wetlands Day. A. They are good places for wildlife. B. We must take part in the activities to protect wetlands. C. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are in Jiangsu. D. More than 700 deer live freely there. E. But some people want to change the wetlands. F. Now, many Chinese people know the importance of the wetlands. 阅读下面的短文，然后从方框中所给的A~E五个选项中选择正确答案(其中一项是多余选项) ， We all have heard of the global warming. We also know that pollution is a big problem, such as air pollution and water pollution. We know the Earth needs help. There are many small things we can do as persons to make a difference. Reuse things. Buying used things is cheaper than buying new ones. 　48． 　 Reuse plastic, glass bottles and cups instead of throwing them into the dustbin(垃圾桶). Avoid taking cars when possible. Don't ask your parents to drive you somewhere when you can easily walk or ride your bike there. 　49． 　 On the other hand, getting more exercise will be good for your body, too. Recycle paper. Newspaper, old magazines and draft paper(草稿纸) can be recycled.　50． 　 It means that recycling just half of the world's paper will save about twenty million acres(英亩) of forests! Forest products are used in our daily lives. They not only help make our lives more convenient, but also make our Earth more beautiful and comfortable. 　51． 　 Turn off the tap when you brush your teeth. Shut off lights, radios, TVs, computers and other electrical things when you leave the room. When you finish using your computer at night, shut it down. This uses less electricity than letting it"sleep". What we do today affects(影响) the Earth and future generations. Let's take actions now to save the earth! A. Save energy. B. Never throw litter on the ground. C. Sell or give away your used clothes and toys. D. Recycling a ton of paper saves seventeen trees. E. If your community has bus service, use that whenever possible. 四、书面表达 53．随着全球环境的恶化，越来越多的人选择过"低碳生活"(low-carbon life)，即减少二氧化碳的排放，低能量，低消耗的生活。请根据表格中的内容，以How to Live a low-carbon Life为题，写一篇英语短文。 应该做 不应该做 ①多种树 ①砍伐树木 ②步行或骑自行车上学 ②坐私家车上学 ③离开房间时，随手关灯 ③花太多时间看电视，上网 倡议：我们应该尽力保护环境，那样世界将会变得越来越美好。 要求：①参考提示表格，可适当发挥； ②语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整； ③文中不得出现你的任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等)； ④词数：不少于70词。(开头已给出，但不计入总词数。) How to Live a Low-carbon Life In order to protect the environment, more and more people choose to live a low-carbon life. 54． 保护环境，从身边做起。作为学校的一份子，我们应该要有主人翁意识，为打造环保校园贡献自己的力量。请你结合上文，根据以下思维导图内容提示，以How to Make Our School Greener?为题, 写一篇80字左右的小短文。 There are many environmental problems in our school. For example, $$