2024年中职英语一轮复习被动语态用法课件

被 动 语 态 英语谓语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 情态动词 do/does did am\is\are doing was\were doing will do would do have\has done had done am\is\are done was\were done am\is\are being done will be done would be done have\has been done had been done was\were being done can\must do can\must be done 主动语态变被动语态的方法 （1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 → I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 （2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. → A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school. 1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。 3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。 1. Change each sentence into the passive voice: A car knocked him down yesterday. Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team． When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree． He was knocked down by a car yesterday. The medical team is made up of two doctors and ten nurses． A fallen tree was being cut up when I got there. 4)We’ll put on the play next Sunday． The play will be put on next Sunday． 5) Workers are building a new teaching building in our school． 6) They had completed the railway by the end of last year． A new teaching building is being built in our school. The railway had been completed by the end of last year． 7) We should protect the earth． The earth should be protected． 8) People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. 9) They will send cars abroad by sea. 10) They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 11) The radio is broadcasting English lessons. 12) We are painting the rooms. 13) — Why didn't they drive there on time? — Because the workers were mending the road. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio. The rooms are being painted. Because the road was being mended. 14) This time last year we were planting trees here. 15) Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. 16) We have brought down the price. Trees were being planted here this time last year. I have been told the sports meet might be put off. The price has been brought down. 17)You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. 18) He can write a great many letters with the computer. A great many letters can be written with the computer by him. 几种特殊结构 1. My uncle gave me a gift on my birthday． I A gift I was given a gift on my birthday． A gift was given to me on my birthday. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词. 2. The manager found the cook smoking in the kitchen. →The cook was found smoking in the kitchen by the manager She told us to follow her instructions. →We were told to follow her instructions. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。 We often hear him play the guitar. →He is often heard to play the guitar. 注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。 3. 系动词，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. 一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如： 据说…… 据报导…… 据推测…… 希望…… 众所周知…… 普遍认为…… 有人建议…… 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. It is generally considered that … It is said that … It is reported that … It is hoped that … It is well known that … It is suggested that … It is supposed that … 主动式表被动义 The books ____ well． A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being sold This kind of cloth ____ easily． A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed B C 动词 (表示主语的属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表示被动义。 read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock, open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,… Quiz 1 Quiz 1 1. The steel _____ cold． A. is felt B. was feeling C. feels D. is being felt 2. His plan _____ good． A. has sounded B. is sounding C. is sounded D. sounds C D Quiz 2 Quiz 2 The shop _____ at 6 am. every day． A. opens B. opened C. is opened D. is opening Work _____ at 7 pm. yesterday． A. ends B. ended C. was ended D. had ended A B Correcting mistake 2.Correct the mistake(s) in each sentence if any: 1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball． 2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university． 3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted? was sent will last were hurt 4)A fire was broken out last night． 5)He had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before． 6)The large building that is now built will be a hospital． had been damaged is now being built broke out 7)Class is begun at 7:30 every day． 8)His plan is sounded good． 9)Your coat needs being washed． begins sounds to be washed / washing 1.An exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week． A．are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D．will hold Multiple choice B 2. I’m sorry,sir．Your recorder isn’t ready yet．It ____ in the factory． is being repaired is repaired has been repaired hasn’t been repaired A 3．Every possible means ____, but none ____ successful． A. has tried; has proved B．tried; proves C. has been tried; proves D. is being tried; is proved C 4．In warm weather, fruit and meat ____ long． cannot be kept don’t keep mustn’t keep is not kept A 注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was shown to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us. Some country music was played for us. $$